E[εt|x1,x2,,…,xT]εttE[εt|xt]εttxttyt=ρyt−1+εt,εt∼N(0,σ2ε)xt=yt−1
εtxt+1=yt
E[εtxt+1]=E[εtyt]=E[εt(ρyt−1+εt)]
=ρE(εtyt−1)+E(ε2t)
=E(ε2t)=σ2ε>0 (Eq.(1)).
E[εt∣y1,y2,……,yt−1]=0εttρE(εtyt−1)E[εtxt+1]=E[εtyt]≠0E[εt|xt]
ρρ^
ρ^=1T∑Tt=1ytyt−11T∑Tt=1y2t=1T∑Tt=1(ρyt−1+εt)yt−11T∑Tt=1y2t=ρ+1T∑Tt=1εtyt−11T∑Tt=1y2t (Eq.(2))
E[εt|y1,y2,,…,yT−1]Eq.(2)
E[ρ^|y1,y2,,…,yT−1]=ρ+1T∑Tt=1[εt|y1,y2,,…,yT−1]yt−11T∑Tt=1y2t
Eq.(1)E[εtyt]=E(ε2t)[εt|y1,y2,,…,yT−1]≠01T∑Tt=1[εt∣∣y1,y2,,…,yT−1]yt−11T∑Tt=1y2t≠0E[ρ^|y1,y2,,…,yT−1]≠ρE[ρ^|y1,y2,,…,yT−1]=ρ+1T∑Tt=1[εt∣∣y1,y2,,…,yT−1]yt−11T∑Tt=1y2t=ρ+1T∑Tt=1E(ε2t)yt−11T∑Tt=1y2t=ρ+1T∑Tt=1σ2εyt−11T∑Tt=1y2t
E[εt|xt]=E[εt|yt−1]=0E[εtxt]=0xt=yt−1ρρ^
ρ^=1T∑Tt=1ytyt−11T∑Tt=1y2t=1T∑Tt=1(ρyt−1+εt)yt−11T∑Tt=1y2t=ρ+1T∑Tt=1εtyt−11T∑Tt=1y2t
plim1T∑Tt=1y2t=σ2yσ2y0<σ2y<∞
T→∞plim1T∑Tt=1εtyt−1=E[εtyt−1]=0
plimρ^T→∞=ρ+plim1T∑Tt=1εtyt−1plim1T∑Tt=1y2t=ρ+0σ2y=ρ
pρ^