コマンドライン引数、環境設定、iniファイル、およびキーリング値も読み取る、一緒にハッキングしたモジュールを次に示します。それは要点でまた利用できます。
"""
Configuration Parser
Configurable parser that will parse config files, environment variables,
keyring, and command-line arguments.
Example test.ini file:
[defaults]
gini=10
[app]
xini = 50
Example test.arg file:
--xfarg=30
Example test.py file:
import os
import sys
import config
def main(argv):
'''Test.'''
options = [
config.Option("xpos",
help="positional argument",
nargs='?',
default="all",
env="APP_XPOS"),
config.Option("--xarg",
help="optional argument",
default=1,
type=int,
env="APP_XARG"),
config.Option("--xenv",
help="environment argument",
default=1,
type=int,
env="APP_XENV"),
config.Option("--xfarg",
help="@file argument",
default=1,
type=int,
env="APP_XFARG"),
config.Option("--xini",
help="ini argument",
default=1,
type=int,
ini_section="app",
env="APP_XINI"),
config.Option("--gini",
help="global ini argument",
default=1,
type=int,
env="APP_GINI"),
config.Option("--karg",
help="secret keyring arg",
default=-1,
type=int),
]
ini_file_paths = [
'/etc/default/app.ini',
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
'test.ini')
]
# default usage
conf = config.Config(prog='app', options=options,
ini_paths=ini_file_paths)
conf.parse()
print conf
# advanced usage
cli_args = conf.parse_cli(argv=argv)
env = conf.parse_env()
secrets = conf.parse_keyring(namespace="app")
ini = conf.parse_ini(ini_file_paths)
sources = {}
if ini:
for key, value in ini.iteritems():
conf[key] = value
sources[key] = "ini-file"
if secrets:
for key, value in secrets.iteritems():
conf[key] = value
sources[key] = "keyring"
if env:
for key, value in env.iteritems():
conf[key] = value
sources[key] = "environment"
if cli_args:
for key, value in cli_args.iteritems():
conf[key] = value
sources[key] = "command-line"
print '\n'.join(['%s:\t%s' % (k, v) for k, v in sources.items()])
if __name__ == "__main__":
if config.keyring:
config.keyring.set_password("app", "karg", "13")
main(sys.argv)
Example results:
$APP_XENV=10 python test.py api --xarg=2 @test.arg
<Config xpos=api, gini=1, xenv=10, xini=50, karg=13, xarg=2, xfarg=30>
xpos: command-line
xenv: environment
xini: ini-file
karg: keyring
xarg: command-line
xfarg: command-line
"""
import argparse
import ConfigParser
import copy
import os
import sys
try:
import keyring
except ImportError:
keyring = None
class Option(object):
"""Holds a configuration option and the names and locations for it.
Instantiate options using the same arguments as you would for an
add_arguments call in argparse. However, you have two additional kwargs
available:
env: the name of the environment variable to use for this option
ini_section: the ini file section to look this value up from
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.args = args or []
self.kwargs = kwargs or {}
def add_argument(self, parser, **override_kwargs):
"""Add an option to a an argparse parser."""
kwargs = {}
if self.kwargs:
kwargs = copy.copy(self.kwargs)
try:
del kwargs['env']
except KeyError:
pass
try:
del kwargs['ini_section']
except KeyError:
pass
kwargs.update(override_kwargs)
parser.add_argument(*self.args, **kwargs)
@property
def type(self):
"""The type of the option.
Should be a callable to parse options.
"""
return self.kwargs.get("type", str)
@property
def name(self):
"""The name of the option as determined from the args."""
for arg in self.args:
if arg.startswith("--"):
return arg[2:].replace("-", "_")
elif arg.startswith("-"):
continue
else:
return arg.replace("-", "_")
@property
def default(self):
"""The default for the option."""
return self.kwargs.get("default")
class Config(object):
"""Parses configuration sources."""
def __init__(self, options=None, ini_paths=None, **parser_kwargs):
"""Initialize with list of options.
:param ini_paths: optional paths to ini files to look up values from
:param parser_kwargs: kwargs used to init argparse parsers.
"""
self._parser_kwargs = parser_kwargs or {}
self._ini_paths = ini_paths or []
self._options = copy.copy(options) or []
self._values = {option.name: option.default
for option in self._options}
self._parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(**parser_kwargs)
self.pass_thru_args = []
@property
def prog(self):
"""Program name."""
return self._parser.prog
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self._values[key]
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self._values[key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key):
del self._values[key]
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self._values
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._values)
def __len__(self):
return len(self._values)
def get(self, key, *args):
"""
Return the value for key if it exists otherwise the default.
"""
return self._values.get(key, *args)
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr in self._values:
return self._values[attr]
else:
raise AttributeError("'config' object has no attribute '%s'"
% attr)
def build_parser(self, options, **override_kwargs):
"""."""
kwargs = copy.copy(self._parser_kwargs)
kwargs.update(override_kwargs)
if 'fromfile_prefix_chars' not in kwargs:
kwargs['fromfile_prefix_chars'] = '@'
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(**kwargs)
if options:
for option in options:
option.add_argument(parser)
return parser
def parse_cli(self, argv=None):
"""Parse command-line arguments into values."""
if not argv:
argv = sys.argv
options = []
for option in self._options:
temp = Option(*option.args, **option.kwargs)
temp.kwargs['default'] = argparse.SUPPRESS
options.append(temp)
parser = self.build_parser(options=options)
parsed, extras = parser.parse_known_args(argv[1:])
if extras:
valid, pass_thru = self.parse_passthru_args(argv[1:])
parsed, extras = parser.parse_known_args(valid)
if extras:
raise AttributeError("Unrecognized arguments: %s" %
' ,'.join(extras))
self.pass_thru_args = pass_thru + extras
return vars(parsed)
def parse_env(self):
results = {}
for option in self._options:
env_var = option.kwargs.get('env')
if env_var and env_var in os.environ:
value = os.environ[env_var]
results[option.name] = option.type(value)
return results
def get_defaults(self):
"""Use argparse to determine and return dict of defaults."""
parser = self.build_parser(options=self._options)
parsed, _ = parser.parse_known_args([])
return vars(parsed)
def parse_ini(self, paths=None):
"""Parse config files and return configuration options.
Expects array of files that are in ini format.
:param paths: list of paths to files to parse (uses ConfigParse logic).
If not supplied, uses the ini_paths value supplied on
initialization.
"""
results = {}
config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser()
config.read(paths or self._ini_paths)
for option in self._options:
ini_section = option.kwargs.get('ini_section')
if ini_section:
try:
value = config.get(ini_section, option.name)
results[option.name] = option.type(value)
except ConfigParser.NoSectionError:
pass
return results
def parse_keyring(self, namespace=None):
"""."""
results = {}
if not keyring:
return results
if not namespace:
namespace = self.prog
for option in self._options:
secret = keyring.get_password(namespace, option.name)
if secret:
results[option.name] = option.type(secret)
return results
def parse(self, argv=None):
"""."""
defaults = self.get_defaults()
args = self.parse_cli(argv=argv)
env = self.parse_env()
secrets = self.parse_keyring()
ini = self.parse_ini()
results = defaults
results.update(ini)
results.update(secrets)
results.update(env)
results.update(args)
self._values = results
return self
@staticmethod
def parse_passthru_args(argv):
"""Handles arguments to be passed thru to a subprocess using '--'.
:returns: tuple of two lists; args and pass-thru-args
"""
if '--' in argv:
dashdash = argv.index("--")
if dashdash == 0:
return argv[1:], []
elif dashdash > 0:
return argv[0:dashdash], argv[dashdash + 1:]
return argv, []
def __repr__(self):
return "<Config %s>" % ', '.join([
'%s=%s' % (k, v) for k, v in self._values.iteritems()])
def comma_separated_strings(value):
"""Handles comma-separated arguments passed in command-line."""
return map(str, value.split(","))
def comma_separated_pairs(value):
"""Handles comma-separated key/values passed in command-line."""
pairs = value.split(",")
results = {}
for pair in pairs:
key, pair_value = pair.split('=')
results[key] = pair_value
return results
jterrace私の手を試すのに十分なほど私をここから押し出すための賞金をここに与えてうれしいです:)