以下のスクリプトを使用していますが、これは非常に効果的です。cgroupsを使用しcgmanager
ます。 更新:からのコマンドを使用するようになりましたcgroup-tools
。このスクリプトに名前limitmem
を付けて$ PATHに入れると、次のように使用できますlimitmem 100M bash
。これにより、メモリとスワップの両方の使用が制限されます。メモリだけを制限するには、で行を削除しmemory.memsw.limit_in_bytes
ます。
編集:デフォルトのLinuxインストールでは、これはメモリ使用量のみを制限し、スワップ使用量は制限しません。スワップ使用制限を有効にするには、Linuxシステムでスワップアカウンティングを有効にする必要があります。それを設定/追加swapaccount=1
し/etc/default/grub
て、次のようにします
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="swapaccount=1"
次に、実行sudo update-grub
して再起動します。
免責事項:cgroup-tools
将来的に壊れても驚かないでしょう。正しい解決策は、cgroup管理にsystemd apiを使用することですが、そのatm用のコマンドラインツールはありません
#!/bin/sh
# This script uses commands from the cgroup-tools package. The cgroup-tools commands access the cgroup filesystem directly which is against the (new-ish) kernel's requirement that cgroups are managed by a single entity (which usually will be systemd). Additionally there is a v2 cgroup api in development which will probably replace the existing api at some point. So expect this script to break in the future. The correct way forward would be to use systemd's apis to create the cgroups, but afaik systemd currently (feb 2018) only exposes dbus apis for which there are no command line tools yet, and I didn't feel like writing those.
# strict mode: error if commands fail or if unset variables are used
set -eu
if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]
then
echo Usage: `basename $0` "<limit> <command>..."
echo or: `basename $0` "<memlimit> -s <swaplimit> <command>..."
exit 1
fi
cgname="limitmem_$$"
# parse command line args and find limits
limit="$1"
swaplimit="$limit"
shift
if [ "$1" = "-s" ]
then
shift
swaplimit="$1"
shift
fi
if [ "$1" = -- ]
then
shift
fi
if [ "$limit" = "$swaplimit" ]
then
memsw=0
echo "limiting memory to $limit (cgroup $cgname) for command $@" >&2
else
memsw=1
echo "limiting memory to $limit and total virtual memory to $swaplimit (cgroup $cgname) for command $@" >&2
fi
# create cgroup
sudo cgcreate -g "memory:$cgname"
sudo cgset -r memory.limit_in_bytes="$limit" "$cgname"
bytes_limit=`cgget -g "memory:$cgname" | grep memory.limit_in_bytes | cut -d\ -f2`
# try also limiting swap usage, but this fails if the system has no swap
if sudo cgset -r memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes="$swaplimit" "$cgname"
then
bytes_swap_limit=`cgget -g "memory:$cgname" | grep memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes | cut -d\ -f2`
else
echo "failed to limit swap"
memsw=0
fi
# create a waiting sudo'd process that will delete the cgroup once we're done. This prevents the user needing to enter their password to sudo again after the main command exists, which may take longer than sudo's timeout.
tmpdir=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-$TMPDIR}
tmpdir=${tmpdir:-/tmp}
fifo="$tmpdir/limitmem_$$_cgroup_closer"
mkfifo --mode=u=rw,go= "$fifo"
sudo -b sh -c "head -c1 '$fifo' >/dev/null ; cgdelete -g 'memory:$cgname'"
# spawn subshell to run in the cgroup. If the command fails we still want to remove the cgroup so unset '-e'.
set +e
(
set -e
# move subshell into cgroup
sudo cgclassify -g "memory:$cgname" --sticky `sh -c 'echo $PPID'` # $$ returns the main shell's pid, not this subshell's.
exec "$@"
)
# grab exit code
exitcode=$?
set -e
# show memory usage summary
peak_mem=`cgget -g "memory:$cgname" | grep memory.max_usage_in_bytes | cut -d\ -f2`
failcount=`cgget -g "memory:$cgname" | grep memory.failcnt | cut -d\ -f2`
percent=`expr "$peak_mem" / \( "$bytes_limit" / 100 \)`
echo "peak memory used: $peak_mem ($percent%); exceeded limit $failcount times" >&2
if [ "$memsw" = 1 ]
then
peak_swap=`cgget -g "memory:$cgname" | grep memory.memsw.max_usage_in_bytes | cut -d\ -f2`
swap_failcount=`cgget -g "memory:$cgname" |grep memory.memsw.failcnt | cut -d\ -f2`
swap_percent=`expr "$peak_swap" / \( "$bytes_swap_limit" / 100 \)`
echo "peak virtual memory used: $peak_swap ($swap_percent%); exceeded limit $swap_failcount times" >&2
fi
# remove cgroup by sending a byte through the pipe
echo 1 > "$fifo"
rm "$fifo"
exit $exitcode
docker
?