2文字の組み合わせの視覚化

SOに関するこの質問への回答では、約125の1文字から2文字の名前のセットが返されました。https : //stackoverflow.com/questions/6979630/what-1-2-letter-object-names-conflict-with-existing -r-objects

  [1] "Ad" "am" "ar" "as" "bc" "bd" "bp" "br" "BR" "bs" "by" "c"  "C" 
 [14] "cc" "cd" "ch" "ci" "CJ" "ck" "Cl" "cm" "cn" "cq" "cs" "Cs" "cv"
 [27] "d"  "D"  "dc" "dd" "de" "df" "dg" "dn" "do" "ds" "dt" "e"  "E" 
 [40] "el" "ES" "F"  "FF" "fn" "gc" "gl" "go" "H"  "Hi" "hm" "I"  "ic"
 [53] "id" "ID" "if" "IJ" "Im" "In" "ip" "is" "J"  "lh" "ll" "lm" "lo"
 [66] "Lo" "ls" "lu" "m"  "MH" "mn" "ms" "N"  "nc" "nd" "nn" "ns" "on"
 [79] "Op" "P"  "pa" "pf" "pi" "Pi" "pm" "pp" "ps" "pt" "q"  "qf" "qq"
 [92] "qr" "qt" "r"  "Re" "rf" "rk" "rl" "rm" "rt" "s"  "sc" "sd" "SJ"
[105] "sn" "sp" "ss" "t"  "T"  "te" "tr" "ts" "tt" "tz" "ug" "UG" "UN"
[118] "V"  "VA" "Vd" "vi" "Vo" "w"  "W"  "y"

そしてRインポートコード：

nms <- c("Ad","am","ar","as","bc","bd","bp","br","BR","bs","by","c","C","cc","cd","ch","ci","CJ","ck","Cl","cm","cn","cq","cs","Cs","cv","d","D","dc","dd","de","df","dg","dn","do","ds","dt","e","E","el","ES","F","FF","fn","gc","gl","go","H","Hi","hm","I","ic","id","ID","if","IJ","Im","In","ip","is","J","lh","ll","lm","lo","Lo","ls","lu","m","MH","mn","ms","N","nc","nd","nn","ns","on","Op","P","pa","pf","pi","Pi","pm","pp","ps","pt","q","qf","qq","qr","qt","r","Re","rf","rk","rl","rm","rt","s","sc","sd","SJ","sn","sp","ss","t","T","te","tr","ts","tt","tz","ug","UG","UN","V","VA","Vd","vi","Vo","w","W","y")

問題のポイントは避けるべきオブジェクト名の覚えやすいリストを作成することであり、ほとんどの人間はテキストの固いブロックを理解するのがあまり得意ではないので、これを視覚化したいと思います。

残念ながら、私はこれを行うための最良の方法を正確に確信していません。私は、各リーフが左揃えされるのではなく、適切な列に配置された繰り返し値がないために、茎葉プロットのようなものを考えていました。または、文字がその有病率に応じてサイズ調整されるワードクラウドスタイルの適応。

これを最も明確かつ効率的に視覚化するにはどうすればよいですか？

次のいずれかを行うビジュアライゼーションは、この質問の精神に適合します。

• 主な目的：データのパターンを明らかにすることにより、名前のセットの記憶可能性を高める

• 代替目標：名前のセットの興味深い特徴を強調します（たとえば、分布、最も一般的な文字などを視覚化するのに役立ちます）

Rでの回答が推奨されますが、興味深いアイデアはすべて歓迎されます。

1文字の名前は、個別のリストとして指定する方が簡単なので、無視できます。

これが始まりです：最初と2番目の文字のグリッドでこれらを視覚化します。

combi <- c("Ad", "am", "ar", "as", "bc", "bd", "bp", "br", "BR", "bs", 
"by", "c",  "C",  "cc", "cd", "ch", "ci", "CJ", "ck", "Cl", "cm", "cn", 
"cq", "cs", "Cs", "cv", "d",  "D",  "dc", "dd", "de", "df", "dg", "dn", 
"do", "ds", "dt", "e",  "E",  "el", "ES", "F",  "FF", "fn", "gc", "gl", 
"go", "H",  "Hi", "hm", "I",  "ic", "id", "ID", "if", "IJ", "Im", "In", 
"ip", "is", "J",  "lh", "ll", "lm", "lo", "Lo", "ls", "lu", "m",  "MH", 
"mn", "ms", "N",  "nc", "nd", "nn", "ns", "on", "Op", "P",  "pa", "pf", 
"pi", "Pi", "pm", "pp", "ps", "pt", "q",  "qf", "qq", "qr", "qt", "r",  
"Re", "rf", "rk", "rl", "rm", "rt", "s",  "sc", "sd", "SJ", "sn", "sp", 
"ss", "t",  "T",  "te", "tr", "ts", "tt", "tz", "ug", "UG", "UN", "V",  
"VA", "Vd", "vi", "Vo", "w",  "W",  "y")

df <- data.frame (first = factor (gsub ("^(.).", "\\1", combi), 
                                  levels = c (LETTERS, letters)),
                  second = factor (gsub ("^.", "", combi), 
                                  levels = c (LETTERS, letters)),
                  combi = combi))

library(ggplot2)
ggplot (data = df, aes (x = first, y = second)) + 
   geom_text (aes (label = combi), size = 3) + 
   ## geom_point () +
   geom_vline (x = 26.5, col = "grey") + 
   geom_hline (y = 26.5, col = "grey")

（でした：）

ggplot (data = df, aes (x = second)) + geom_histogram ()

ggplot (data = df, aes (x = first)) + geom_histogram ()

私が集める：

• 一文字の名前の

  • 幸いなことにi、j、k、及びl（I 4Dはアレイへのインデックスアップできるように）利用可能です
  • 残念ながら、t（時間）、c（集中）はなくなりました。そうであるm（質量）、 V（体積）及びF（力）。半径rも直径もありませんd。
  • でも、私は圧力（p）、物質の量（n）、そして長さを持つことができlます。

  • 多分私はギリシャ語の名前に変更しεなければならないでしょう：大丈夫ですが、そうすべきではありません

    π <- pi

    ？

• 好きなlowerUPPER名前を付けることができます。

• 一般に、大文字から始める方が小文字より安全です。

• cまたはで始まらないd

さて、SOの質問と他の人のコメントに基づいて、「周期表」のような視覚化を非常にすばやく取り上げます。主な問題は、パッケージ間の変数の数の大きな違いです。これは、視覚化を妨げるようなものです...これは非常に大まかなものだとわかっているので、自由に変更してください。

これが現在の出力です（私のパッケージリストから）

そしてコード

# Load all the installed packages
lapply(rownames(installed.packages()), require, 
       character.only = TRUE)
# Find variables of length 1 or 2
one_or_two <- unique(apropos("^[a-zA-Z]{1,2}$"))
# Find which package they come from
packages <- lapply(one_or_two, find)
# Some of the variables may belong to multiple packages, so determine the length 
# of each entry in packages and duplicate the names accordingly
lengths <- unlist(lapply(packages, length))
var.data <- data.frame(var = rep(one_or_two, lengths), 
                   package = unlist(packages))

これで、次のようなデータフレームができました。

> head(var.data, 10)
   var           package
1   ar     package:stats
2   as   package:methods
3   BD    package:fields
4   bs      package:VGAM
5   bs   package:splines
6   by      package:base
7    c      package:base
8    C     package:stats
9   cm package:grDevices
10   D     package:stats

これで、パッケージごとにデータを分割できます

 data.split <- split(var.data, var.data$package)

ほとんどの変数はbaseおよびstatsパッケージからのものであることがわかります

> unlist(lapply(data.split, nrow))
     package:base  package:datasets    package:fields 
               16                 1                 2 
  package:ggplot2 package:grDevices  package:gWidgets 
                2                 1                 1 
  package:lattice      package:MASS    package:Matrix 
                1                 1                 3 
  package:methods      package:mgcv      package:plyr 
                3                 2                 1 
     package:spam   package:splines     package:stats 
                1                 2                14 
 package:survival     package:utils      package:VGAM 
                1                 2                 4 

最後に、描画ルーチン

plot(0, 0, "n", xlim=c(0, 100), ylim=c(0, 120), 
     xaxt="n", yaxt="n", xlab="", ylab="")

side.len.x <- 100 / length(data.split)
side.len.y <- 100 / max(unlist(lapply(data.split, nrow)))
colors <- rainbow(length(data.split), start=0.2, end=0.6)    

for (xcnt in 1:length(data.split))
    {
    posx <- side.len.x * (xcnt-1)

    # Remove "package :" in front of the package name
    pkg <- unlist(strsplit(as.character(data.split[[xcnt]]$package[1]), ":"))
    pkg <- pkg[2]

    # Write the package name
    text(posx + side.len.x/2, 102, pkg, srt=90, cex=0.95, adj=c(0, 0))

    for (ycnt in 1:nrow(data.split[[xcnt]]))
        {
        posy <- side.len.y * (ycnt-1)
        rect(posx, posy, posx+side.len.x*0.85, posy+side.len.y*0.9, col = colors[xcnt])
        text(posx+side.len.x/2, posy+side.len.y/2, data.split[[xcnt]]$var[ycnt], cex=0.7)
        }
    }

これは、文字ベースのヒストグラムです。最初の文字を数字でサイズ設定することを検討しましたが、それはすでに垂直コンポーネントでエンコードされているため、反対しました。

# "Load" data
nms <- c("Ad","am","ar","as","bc","bd","bp","br","BR","bs","by","c","C","cc","cd","ch","ci","CJ","ck","Cl","cm","cn","cq","cs","Cs","cv","d","D","dc","dd","de","df","dg","dn","do","ds","dt","e","E","el","ES","F","FF","fn","gc","gl","go","H","Hi","hm","I","ic","id","ID","if","IJ","Im","In","ip","is","J","lh","ll","lm","lo","Lo","ls","lu","m","MH","mn","ms","N","nc","nd","nn","ns","on","Op","P","pa","pf","pi","Pi","pm","pp","ps","pt","q","qf","qq","qr","qt","r","Re","rf","rk","rl","rm","rt","s","sc","sd","SJ","sn","sp","ss","t","T","te","tr","ts","tt","tz","ug","UG","UN","V","VA","Vd","vi","Vo","w","W","y") #all names
two_in_base <- c("ar", "as", "by", "cm", "de", "df", "dt", "el", "gc", "gl", "if", "Im", "is", "lh", "lm", "ls", "pf", "pi", "pt", "qf", "qr", "qt", "Re", "rf", "rm", "rt", "sd", "ts", "vi") # 2-letter names in base R
vowels <- c("a","e","i","o","u")
vowels <- c( vowels, toupper(vowels) )

# Constants
yoffset.singles <- 3

# Define a function to give us consistent X coordinates
returnX <- function(vec) {
  sapply(vec, function(x) seq(length(all.letters))[ x == all.letters ] )
}

# Make df of 2-letter names
combi <- nms[ sapply( nms, function(x) nchar(x)==2 ) ]
combidf <- data.frame( first = substr(combi,1,1), second=substr(combi,2,2) )
library(plyr)
combidf <- arrange(combidf,first,second)

# Add vowels
combidf$first.vwl <- (combidf$first %in% vowels)
combidf$second.vwl <- (combidf$second %in% vowels)

# Flag items only in base R
combidf$in_base <- paste(combidf$first,combidf$second,sep="") %in% two_in_base

# Create a data.frame to hold our plotting information for the first letters
combilist <- dlply(combidf,.(first),function(x) x$second)
combi.first <- data.frame( first = names(combilist), n = sapply(combilist,length) ,stringsAsFactors=FALSE )
combi.first$y <- 0
all.letters <-  c(letters,LETTERS) # arrange(combi.first,desc(n))$first to go in order of prevalence (which may break the one-letter name display)
combi.first$x <- returnX( combi.first$first )

# Create a data.frame to hold plotting information for the second letters
combidf$x <- returnX( combidf$first )
combidf$y <- unlist( by( combidf$second, combidf$first, seq_along ) )

# Make df of 1-letter names
sngldf <- data.frame( sngl = nms[ sapply( nms, function(x) nchar(x)==1 ) ] )
singles.y <- max(combidf$y) + yoffset.singles
sngldf$y <- singles.y
sngldf$x <- returnX( sngldf$sngl )

# Plot
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(data=combidf, aes(x=x,y=y) ) +
  geom_text(aes( label=second, size=3, colour=combidf$in_base ), position=position_jitter(w=0,h=.25)) +
  geom_text( data=combi.first, aes( label=first, x=x, y=y, size=4 ) ) +
  geom_text( data=sngldf, aes( label=sngl, x=x, y=y, size=4 ) ) +
  scale_size(name="Order (2-letter names)",limits=c(1,4),breaks=c(1,2),labels=c("Second","First")) +
  scale_x_continuous("",breaks=c(13,39),labels=c("lower","UPPER")) +
  scale_y_continuous("",breaks=c(0,5,singles.y),labels=c("First letter of two-letter names","Second letter of two-letter names","One-letter names") ) +
  coord_equal(1.5) +
  labs( colour="In base R" )

100の周期表、アレックス。ただし、コードはありません。:(

「周期表」パッケージがすでにCRANに存在していると思われるかもしれません。そのようなデータの配色スキームとレイアウトのアイデアは、興味深く、役に立つかもしれません。

これらは、パッケージごとに色分けしたり、周波数によって垂直にソートしたりできます。

MacKayのITILAの第2章の最初の2ページには、英語のすべての文字の組み合わせの条件付き確率を示す素晴らしい図があります。あなたはそれを使うのを見つけるかもしれません。

それらを作成するために使用されたプログラムを覚えていないことを言って私は恥ずかしいです。