これらのSamba共有を適切に構成する方法がわかりません。本当に何が悪いのか理解できません。

ここ、AskUbuntuフォーラム、LinuxQuestions、その他のフォーラムやWebサイトで多くの記事を読みました。構成パラメーターの可能な組み合わせをすべて試しました。
私は最初に適切なものを試してみました-私は彼らがうまくいくはずだと思っていました-それから私は今まですべてのパラメータを変更しようとしました：それを機能させるためにパラメータを設定する方法を本当に理解できません。私を助けてください！

仕組み

• 2株;
• 1パブリック（サーバーに接続するすべてのユーザーからアクセス可能、読み取り/書き込み）、1保護（定義済みのユーザー名とパスワード、読み取り/書き込みでのみアクセス可能）;
• 一部のユーザーは両方の共有（定義された共有）にアクセスする必要があり、他のユーザーはパブリック共有のみにアクセスする必要があります。
• パブリック共有名：DSMPubblica;
• プライベート共有名：DSMUfficio;
• Windowsから、DSMPubblicaを構成できます。つまり、文字Y：に直接アクセスし、文字Z：でDSMUfficioを構成し、ユーザー名とパスワードのウィンドウでプロンプトを表示できるはずです。

追加の努力とログ行

もっと試してみました。2つの共有を構成から削除し、「パブリック」と呼ばれる新しいパブリックを作成しました。接続しようとすると、Windowsは接続できないと表示します。

ログで私は見ることができます：

• smb_pwd_check_ntlmv1: incorrect password length (62)=> ??? ユーザーにパスワードを指定したくないのですが、Windowsはパスワードを要求しさえしません...
• process_usershare_file: stat of /var/lib/samba/usershares/dsmufficio failed. Permission denied=> ??? なに/var/lib/samba/usershares/dsmufficio？Linuxサーバーには存在せず、構成ファイルのどこにも指定されていません（ "usershares"でさえも）。

何が起こるのですか

Windows 7およびWindows 8.1ではすべてが起こります。

• 新しいネットワーク共有を接続しようとしました。
• DSMPubblicaの文字（Y :)を選択します。
• サーバーアドレス（\ 10.10.10.1 \ DSMPubblica）を書き込みます。
• 「再起動時に再び接続する」をチェックし、「異なる資格情報で接続する」をチェックしません（資格情報のチェックは無関係です-チェックの有無にかかわらず同じ動作です）。
• 認証ウィンドウが表示されます！
• ユーザー名を入力せずに[OK]をクリックすると、Windowsは続行できません。ユーザー名とパスワードを要求します。
• DSMUfficio用に設定されたユーザー名とパスワードを彼に渡せば、接続できます。
• DSMUfficioでも同じですが、これを使用すると、Windowsから認証を求められます。
• 「認証資格情報の保存」にチェックマークを付けると、再起動時にすべての確認を再度求められます。

私の設定

株式

[DSMUfficio]
    delete readonly = yes
    writeable = yes
    path = /var/dsm/ufficio
    write list = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    force group = dsm
    revalidate = yes
    comment = DSM share locale privata - solo autorizzati
    valid users = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    create mode = 770
    directory mode = 770

[DSMPubblica]
    guest ok = yes
    guest account = 
    writeable = yes
    delete readonly = yes
    path = /var/dsm/pubblica
    force directory mode = 777
    force create mode = 777
    comment = DSM share locale pubblica - senza restrizioni di accesso
    create mode = 777
    public = yes
    browsable = yes
    directory mode = 777

DSMPubblicaの構成は、正しく機能させるために何度も変更されていることに注意してください。私は本当にすべての組み合わせを試しました...何も機能しませんでした。さらにテスト、情報、仕様が必要な場合は、お問い合わせください。ありがとうございました。

全体の構成

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 
# A well-established practice is to name the original file
# "smb.conf.master" and create the "real" config file with
# testparm -s smb.conf.master >smb.conf
# This minimizes the size of the really used smb.conf file
# which, according to the Samba Team, impacts performance
# However, use this with caution if your smb.conf file contains nested
# "include" statements. See Debian bug #483187 for a case
# where using a master file is not a good idea.
#

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = DSM

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = %h server

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
#   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
#   security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
   encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
;   domain logons = yes
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
;   printing = bsd
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
;   printing = cups
;   printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
#   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
#   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
;   winbind enum groups = yes
;   winbind enum users = yes

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
# to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
;   read only = yes
;   locking = no
;   path = /cdrom
;   guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
#   cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
#   an entry like this:
#
#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
#   is mounted on /cdrom
#
;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom


[DSMUfficio]
    delete readonly = yes
    writeable = yes
    path = /var/dsm/ufficio
    write list = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    force group = dsm
    revalidate = yes
    comment = DSM share locale privata - solo autorizzati
    valid users = tzanarella,jcangini,dlazzarato,mcazzoli,sgiombetti
    create mode = 770
    directory mode = 770

[DSMPubblica]
    guest ok = yes
    guest account = 
    writeable = yes
    delete readonly = yes
    path = /var/dsm/pubblica
    force directory mode = 777
    force create mode = 777
    comment = DSM share locale pubblica - senza restrizioni di accesso
    create mode = 777
    public = yes
    browsable = yes
    directory mode = 777

匿名と認証の両方で同じホストへの認証をサポートしていないWindows 7以前のバージョンに噛まれていると思います。以前にServerfault で行った回答をご覧ください。

これは、この問題を解決するために[global]セクションで設定する重要なオプションでした。

ゲストへのマップ=不良ユーザー

これがここで（最終的に）動作した設定です。ユーザー/パスワードを要求せずにWindowsからLinuxサーバーにアクセスできます。

[global]
workgroup = MYGROUP
server string = Samba Server %v
netbios name = debian
security = user
map to guest = bad user
dns proxy = no
#============= Share Definitions =================
[adriano]
force user = adriano
path = /home/adriano
browsable =yes
writable = yes
guest ok = yes
read only = no

このYouTubeビデオからヒントを得るまで、同じ問題に遭遇しました（Windowsはpiのパスワードを拒否し続けました）。基本的に、コマンドを実行する必要がありました。

sudo smbpasswd -a pi

pi sambaユーザーを作成します。Windowsでは、RASPBERRYPI\piユーザーとして使用し、パスワードを入力するだけで機能します。

2017、Ubuntu 17を搭載したWindows 7

この設定は、セキュリティまたはパスワードプロンプトを必要としない場合であるため、内部プライベートネットまたは仮想PC（virtualbox、vmwareなど）用です。

ユーザー「david」の例

Ubuntuで

sudo apt install samba

設定を編集

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

Windowsの私のPCにはワークグループがありました：WORKGROUP

[Home Share]
comment = Home Public Folder
path = /home/david/projects
writable = yes
force user = david
public = no
browsable = yes

あなたはubuntuでユーザーをsambaに追加し、パスワードを作成する必要があります：

sudo smbpasswd -a david

サービスを再開する

sudo systemctl restart smbd

セキュリティタイプを共有に設定します。

security = share

公開共有に追加：

public = yes

詳細については、Samba servertype infoを参照してください。

同様の問題がありました...クラスターADコンピューターアカウントのパスワードの有効期限が切れていることを発見し、ドメインを再結合して機能させるために追加しました。

理にかなっているこの記事に出くわした。 https://access.redhat.com/discussions/1283873