私はiBooksでAppleのThe Programming Language Swiftを読みましたが、Swiftで HTTPリクエスト(cURLなど)を作成する方法を理解できません。Obj-Cクラスをインポートする必要がありますか、それともデフォルトのライブラリをインポートするだけですか?または、ネイティブのSwiftコードに基づいてHTTPリクエストを行うことはできませんか?
私はiBooksでAppleのThe Programming Language Swiftを読みましたが、Swiftで HTTPリクエスト(cURLなど)を作成する方法を理解できません。Obj-Cクラスをインポートする必要がありますか、それともデフォルトのライブラリをインポートするだけですか?または、ネイティブのSwiftコードに基づいてHTTPリクエストを行うことはできませんか?
回答:
あなたは使用することができURL
、URLRequest
およびURLSession
またはNSURLConnection
あなたは、通常のObjective-Cで行いたいよう。iOS 7.0以降の場合、URLSession
推奨されます。
URLSession
URL
オブジェクトとURLSessionDataTask
fromを初期化しますURLSession
。次に、でタスクを実行しますresume()
。
let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}
task.resume()
NSURLConnection
まず、a URL
とaを初期化しますURLRequest
。
let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
その後、次のコマンドを使用して、非同期でリクエストをロードできます。
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: OperationQueue.main) {(response, data, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}
または、初期化できますNSURLConnection
:
let connection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate:nil, startImmediately: true)
デリゲートを必ず他の値に設定しnil
、デリゲートメソッドを使用して、受信した応答とデータを処理するようにしてください。
詳細については、プロトコルのドキュメントを確認してくださいNSURLConnectionDataDelegate
Xcodeプレイグラウンドでこのコードを試したい場合は、プレイグラウンドに追加import PlaygroundSupport
し、次の呼び出しを追加します。
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true
これにより、プレイグラウンドで非同期コードを使用できます。
print(String(data: data!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8))
以下のコードを確認してください:
1. SynchonousRequest
Swift 1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
var response: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSURLResponse?>=nil
var dataVal: NSData = NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request1, returningResponse: response, error:nil)!
var err: NSError
println(response)
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: &err) as? NSDictionary
println("Synchronous\(jsonResult)")
Swift 2.0以降
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
let response: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSURLResponse?>=nil
do{
let dataVal = try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request1, returningResponse: response)
print(response)
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("Synchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}catch let error as NSError
{
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
2. AsynchonousRequest
Swift 1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("Asynchronous\(jsonResult)")
})
Swift 2.0以降
let urlPath: String = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
})
3.通常通りのURL接続
Swift 1.2
var dataVal = NSMutableData()
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
var connection: NSURLConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: true)!
connection.start()
その後
func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveData data: NSData!){
self.dataVal?.appendData(data)
}
func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection!)
{
var error: NSErrorPointer=nil
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal!, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as NSDictionary
println(jsonResult)
}
Swift 2.0以降
var dataVal = NSMutableData()
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request: NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
var connection: NSURLConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: true)!
connection.start()
その後
func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveData data: NSData!){
dataVal.appendData(data)
}
func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection!)
{
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print(jsonResult)
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
4.非同期POSTリクエスト
Swift 1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var stringPost="deviceToken=123456" // Key and Value
let data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
request1.timeoutInterval = 60
request1.HTTPBody=data
request1.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=false
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("AsSynchronous\(jsonResult)")
})
Swift 2.0以降
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "POST"
let stringPost="deviceToken=123456" // Key and Value
let data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
request1.timeoutInterval = 60
request1.HTTPBody=data
request1.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=false
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
})
5.非同期GETリクエスト
Swift 1.2
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "GET"
request1.timeoutInterval = 60
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("AsSynchronous\(jsonResult)")
})
Swift 2.0以降
let urlPath: String = "YOUR URL HERE"
let url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
let request1: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request1.HTTPMethod = "GET"
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request1, queue: queue, completionHandler:{ (response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
do {
if let jsonResult = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary {
print("ASynchronous\(jsonResult)")
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
})
6.画像(ファイル)のアップロード
Swift 2.0以降
let mainURL = "YOUR_URL_HERE"
let url = NSURL(string: mainURL)
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url!)
let boundary = "78876565564454554547676"
request.addValue("multipart/form-data; boundary=\(boundary)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.HTTPMethod = "POST" // POST OR PUT What you want
let session = NSURLSession(configuration:NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration(), delegate: nil, delegateQueue: nil)
let imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(UIImage(named: "Test.jpeg")!, 1)
var body = NSMutableData()
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
// Append your parameters
body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("PREMKUMAR\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)!)
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"description\"\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("IOS_DEVELOPER\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)!)
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
// Append your Image/File Data
var imageNameval = "HELLO.jpg"
body.appendData("--\(boundary)\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"profile_photo\"; filename=\"\(imageNameval)\"\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData(imageData!)
body.appendData("\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
body.appendData("--\(boundary)--\r\n".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!)
request.HTTPBody = body
let dataTask = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request) { (data, response, error) -> Void in
if error != nil {
//handle error
}
else {
let outputString : NSString = NSString(data:data!, encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding)!
print("Response:\(outputString)")
}
}
dataTask.resume()
別のオプションは、連鎖可能な要求/応答メソッドを提供するAlamofire libです。
https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire
リクエストする
import Alamofire
Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get")
応答の処理
Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
.response { request, response, data, error in
print(request)
print(response)
print(error)
}
URLSession
とCONSORTS。また、受け入れは、(あなた自身は言うまでもなく)いくつかの抽象的な善の尺度の尺度ではなく、OPに最も貢献したものの尺度です。(「純粋な」ソリューションについては、SOのドキュメントがあります!)これが正解だった場合、完璧です。第一原理を使用していませんが、それが常に「正しい」ソリューションであるとは限りません。
Swift 4以降:URLSession APIを使用したデータリクエスト
//create the url with NSURL
let url = URL(string: "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1")! //change the url
//create the session object
let session = URLSession.shared
//now create the URLRequest object using the url object
let request = URLRequest(url: url)
//create dataTask using the session object to send data to the server
let task = session.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest, completionHandler: { data, response, error in
guard error == nil else {
return
}
guard let data = data else {
return
}
do {
//create json object from data
if let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .mutableContainers) as? [String: Any] {
print(json)
}
} catch let error {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
})
task.resume()
Swift 4以降、DecodableおよびResult列挙型
//APPError enum which shows all possible errors
enum APPError: Error {
case networkError(Error)
case dataNotFound
case jsonParsingError(Error)
case invalidStatusCode(Int)
}
//Result enum to show success or failure
enum Result<T> {
case success(T)
case failure(APPError)
}
//dataRequest which sends request to given URL and convert to Decodable Object
func dataRequest<T: Decodable>(with url: String, objectType: T.Type, completion: @escaping (Result<T>) -> Void) {
//create the url with NSURL
let dataURL = URL(string: url)! //change the url
//create the session object
let session = URLSession.shared
//now create the URLRequest object using the url object
let request = URLRequest(url: dataURL, cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: 60)
//create dataTask using the session object to send data to the server
let task = session.dataTask(with: request, completionHandler: { data, response, error in
guard error == nil else {
completion(Result.failure(AppError.networkError(error!)))
return
}
guard let data = data else {
completion(Result.failure(APPError.dataNotFound))
return
}
do {
//create decodable object from data
let decodedObject = try JSONDecoder().decode(objectType.self, from: data)
completion(Result.success(decodedObject))
} catch let error {
completion(Result.failure(APPError.jsonParsingError(error as! DecodingError)))
}
})
task.resume()
}
例:
//プレースホルダーAPIからToDoをフェッチしたい場合は、ToDo構造体を定義してdataRequestを呼び出し、「https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1」の文字列URL を渡します。
struct ToDo: Decodable {
let id: Int
let userId: Int
let title: String
let completed: Bool
}
dataRequest(with: "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1", objectType: ToDo.self) { (result: Result) in
switch result {
case .success(let object):
print(object)
case .failure(let error):
print(error)
}
}
//これは結果を出力します:
ToDo(id: 1, userId: 1, title: "delectus aut autem", completed: false)
基本的なSwift 3+ソリューション
guard let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com") else { return }
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { data, response, error in
guard let data = data, error == nil else { return }
print(NSString(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue))
}
task.resume()
URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")
代わりに使用する必要がありますNSURL
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!)
App Transport Security has blocked a cleartext HTTP (http://) resource load since it is insecure. Temporary exceptions can be configured via your app's Info.plist file.
私はこの人のラッパーを使用していますが、これまでのところhttps://github.com/daltoniam/swiftHTTPの結果は良好 です。これまでのところ、大きな漏れのある抽象化はありません
例
do {
let opt = try HTTP.GET("https://google.com")
opt.start { response in
if let err = response.error {
print("error: \(err.localizedDescription)")
return //also notify app of failure as needed
}
print("opt finished: \(response.description)")
//print("data is: \(response.data)") access the response of the data with response.data
}
} catch let error {
print("got an error creating the request: \(error)")
}
情報リストに追加:
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
import Alamofire
class AlamofireDataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
Alamofire.request(request).responseJSON { response in
let complete: (Result<[String: Any]>) ->() = { result in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(result) } }
switch response.result {
case .success(let value): complete(.success(value as! [String: Any]))
case .failure(let error): complete(.failure(error))
}
}
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
guard let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))") else { return }
let request = URLRequest(url: url)
make(request: request) { response in closure?(response) }
}
}
private lazy var alamofireDataManager = AlamofireDataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
//.........
alamofireDataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { result in
print(result.value ?? "no data")
print(result.error ?? "no error")
}
import Foundation
class DataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { [weak self] data, response, error in
self?.queue.async {
let complete: (_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?) ->() = { json, error in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(json, error) } }
guard let self = self, error == nil else { complete(nil, error); return }
guard let data = data else { complete(nil, self.createError(message: "No data", code: 999)); return }
do {
if let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .mutableContainers) as? [String: Any] {
complete(json, nil)
}
} catch let error { complete(nil, error); return }
}
}
task.resume()
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))")
let request = URLRequest(url: url!)
make(request: request) { json, error in closure?(json, error) }
}
}
private lazy var dataManager = DataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
// .......
dataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { json, error in
print(error ?? "nil")
print(json ?? "nil")
print("Update views")
}
class func searchRequest(term: String, ...
itunes.apple.comからデータをダウンロードするサンプルです。このサンプルは検索するので、searchRequest
関数名を選択/発明しました。term
「itunes.apple.com/search?」リクエスト。ロジックモデルを説明する関数の名前を選択できます。
closure
例を列挙を返すようにsuccess
してerror
。
私はこの方法でJSON解析を使用してHTTPリクエストの両方のメソッドGETおよびPOSTを実行しました:
on viewDidLoad():
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
makeGetRequest()
makePostRequest()
}
func makePostRequest(){
let urlPath: String = "http://www.swiftdeveloperblog.com/http-post-example-script/"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var stringPost="firstName=James&lastName=Bond" // Key and Value
let data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
request.timeoutInterval = 60
request.HTTPBody=data
request.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=false
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler:{ (response:NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var error: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSError?> = nil
let jsonResult: NSDictionary! = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as? NSDictionary
if (jsonResult != nil) {
// Success
println(jsonResult)
let message = jsonResult["Message"] as! NSString
println(message)
}else {
// Failed
println("Failed")
}
})
}
func makeGetRequest(){
var url : String = "http://api.androidhive.info/contacts/"
var request : NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest()
request.URL = NSURL(string: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
request.timeoutInterval = 60
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler:{ (response:NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var error: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSError?> = nil
let jsonResult: NSDictionary! = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as? NSDictionary
if (jsonResult != nil) {
// Success
println(jsonResult)
let dataArray = jsonResult["contacts"] as! NSArray;
for item in dataArray { // loop through data items
let obj = item as! NSDictionary
for (key, value) in obj {
println("Key: \(key) - Value: \(value)")
let phone = obj["phone"] as! NSDictionary;
let mobile = phone["mobile"] as! NSString
println(mobile)
let home = phone["home"] as! NSString
println(home)
let office = phone["office"] as! NSString
println(office)
}
}
} else {
// Failed
println("Failed")
}
})
}
できた
URLSession + Swift 5の使用
cezarの回答に追加するだけで、AppleのURLSessionクラスを使用してWebリクエストを作成する場合は、タスクを実行する複数の方法があります
1. URLを使用した単純なGETリクエスト
func simpleGetUrlRequest()
{
let url = URL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print("The response is : ",String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
//print(NSString(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue) as Any)
}
task.resume()
}
注:httpリクエストの場合、pListに「NSAppTransportSecurity」キーを追加する必要があることを確認してください
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
2. URLとパラメーターを含む単純なGETリクエスト
func simpleGetUrlWithParamRequest()
{
let url = URL(string: "https://www.google.com/search?q=peace")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
if error != nil || data == nil {
print("Client error!")
return
}
guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(response.statusCode) else {
print("Server error!")
return
}
print("The Response is : ",response)
}
task.resume()
}
3.エラー処理付きのURLを使用した単純なGETリクエスト
func simpleGetUrlRequestWithErrorHandling()
{
let session = URLSession.shared
let url = URL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!
let task = session.dataTask(with: url) { data, response, error in
if error != nil || data == nil {
print("Client error!")
return
}
guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(response.statusCode) else {
print("Server error!")
return
}
guard let mime = response.mimeType, mime == "application/json" else {
print("Wrong MIME type!")
return
}
do {
let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: [])
print("The Response is : ",json)
} catch {
print("JSON error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
task.resume()
}
4. URLを含む単純なPOSTリクエスト、エラー処理を行うパラメータ。
func simplePostRequestWithParamsAndErrorHandling(){
var session = URLSession.shared
let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default
configuration.timeoutIntervalForRequest = 30
configuration.timeoutIntervalForResource = 30
session = URLSession(configuration: configuration)
let url = URL(string: "https://httpbin.org/post")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
let parameters = ["username": "foo", "password": "123456"]
do {
request.httpBody = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: parameters, options: .prettyPrinted)
} catch let error {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
let task = session.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest, completionHandler: { data, response, error in
if error != nil || data == nil {
print("Client error!")
return
}
guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(response.statusCode) else {
print("Oops!! there is server error!")
return
}
guard let mime = response.mimeType, mime == "application/json" else {
print("response is not json")
return
}
do {
let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: [])
print("The Response is : ",json)
} catch {
print("JSON error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
})
task.resume()
}
あなたの提案は大歓迎です!!
var session = URLSession.shared
していないのになぜ変数を上書きするだけなのですか?必要ですか?
ログインボタンをクリックしてjsonを呼び出しています
@IBAction func loginClicked(sender : AnyObject) {
var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: kLoginURL)) // Here, kLogin contains the Login API.
var session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var err: NSError?
request.HTTPBody = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(self.criteriaDic(), options: nil, error: &err) // This Line fills the web service with required parameters.
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
var task = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: {data, response, error -> Void in
var strData = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
var err1: NSError?
var json2 = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(strData.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding), options: .MutableLeaves, error:&err1 ) as NSDictionary
println("json2 :\(json2)")
if(err) {
println(err!.localizedDescription)
}
else {
var success = json2["success"] as? Int
println("Success: \(success)")
}
})
task.resume()
}
ここでは、パラメータ用に別の辞書を作成しました。
var params = ["format":"json", "MobileType":"IOS","MIN":"f8d16d98ad12acdbbe1de647414495ec","UserName":emailTxtField.text,"PWD":passwordTxtField.text,"SigninVia":"SH"]as NSDictionary
return params
}
// You can add your own sets of parameter here.
スタイルのHTTPライブラリであるJustを使用できますpython-requests
。
JustでHTTPリクエストを送信するいくつかの例:
// synchronous GET request with URL query a=1
let r = Just.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params:["a":1])
// asynchronous POST request with form value and file uploads
Just.post(
"http://justiceleauge.org/member/register",
data: ["username": "barryallen", "password":"ReverseF1ashSucks"],
files: ["profile_photo": .URL(fileURLWithPath:"flash.jpeg", nil)]
) { (r)
if (r.ok) { /* success! */ }
}
どちらの場合も、リクエストの結果には次のようr
な方法でアクセスできますpython-request
。
r.ok // is the response successful?
r.statusCode // status code of response
r.content // response body as NSData?
r.text // response body as text?
r.json // response body parsed by NSJSONSerielization
この遊び場で他の例を見つけることができます
プレイグラウンドで同期モードでこのライブラリを使用することは、Swiftで取得できるcURLに最も近いものです。
Swift 4.1およびXcode 9.4.1。
JSON POSTアプローチの例。インターネット接続を確認するには、https: //developer.apple.com/library/archive/samplecode/Reachability/Introduction/Intro.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS40007324-Intro-DontLinkElementID_2からReachability.hおよび.mファイルを追加します
func yourFunctionName {
//Check internet connection
let networkReachability = Reachability.forInternetConnection()
let networkStatus:Int = (networkReachability?.currentReachabilityStatus())!.rawValue
print(networkStatus)
if networkStatus == NotReachable.rawValue {
let msg = SharedClass.sharedInstance.noNetMsg//Message
//Call alert from shared class
SharedClass.sharedInstance.alert(view: self, title: "", message: msg)
} else {
//Call spinner from shared class
SharedClass.sharedInstance.activityIndicator(view: self.view)//Play spinner
let parameters = "Your parameters here"
var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: url)!)
request.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.httpMethod = "POST"
print("URL : \(request)")
request.httpBody = parameters.data(using: .utf8)
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in guard let data = data, error == nil else { // check for fundamental networking error
//Stop spinner
SharedClass.sharedInstance.stopActivityIndicator() //Stop spinner
//Print error in alert
SharedClass.sharedInstance.alert(view: self, title: "", message: "\(String(describing: error!.localizedDescription))")
return
}
SharedClass.sharedInstance.stopActivityIndicator() //Stop spinner
if let httpStatus = response as? HTTPURLResponse, httpStatus.statusCode != 200 { // check for http errors
print("statusCode should be 200, but is \(httpStatus.statusCode)")
print("response = \(String(describing: response))")
}
do {
let response = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as? [String: AnyObject]
print(response!)
//Your code here
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error)
}
}
task.resume()
}
}
SharedClassでこの関数を使用したい場合
//My shared class
import UIKit
class SharedClass: NSObject {
static let sharedInstance = SharedClass()
func postRequestFunction(apiName: String , parameters: String, onCompletion: @escaping (_ success: Bool, _ error: Error?, _ result: [String: Any]?)->()) {
var URL = "your URL here/index.php/***?"
URL = URL.replacingOccurrences(of: "***", with: apiName)
var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: URL)!)
request.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.httpMethod = "POST"
print("shared URL : \(request)")
request.httpBody = parameters.data(using: .utf8)
var returnRes:[String:Any] = [:]
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
if let error = error {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
} else {
guard let data = data else {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
return
}
if let httpStatus = response as? HTTPURLResponse, httpStatus.statusCode == 200 {
do {
returnRes = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as! [String : Any]
onCompletion(true, nil, returnRes)
} catch let error as NSError {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
}
} else {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
}
}
}
task.resume()
}
private override init() {
}
最後に、この関数を次のように呼び出します。
SharedClass.sharedInstance.postRequestFunction(apiName: "Your API name", parameters: parameters) { (success, error, result) in
print(result!)
if success {
//Your code here
} else {
print(error?.localizedDescription ?? "")
}
}
HTTP GETリクエストを行うためのシンプルなSwift 2.0アプローチ
HTTP要求は非同期であるため、HTTP要求から戻り値を取得する方法が必要です。このアプローチはNotifierを使用し、2つのクラスにまたがっています。
例は、Webサイトhttp://www.example.com/handler.php?do=CheckUserJson&json=を使用して、IDトークンのユーザー名とパスワードを確認することです。つまり、ファイルはhandler.phpと呼ばれ、 RESTfulアプローチを取得するパラメーターを実行します。
viewDidLoadで、NotifierObserverをセットアップし、jsonをセットアップして、getHTTPRequest関数を呼び出します。これは、httpリクエストから返されたパラメーターとともに、checkedUsernameAndPassword関数に戻ります。
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// setup the Notification observer to catch the result of check username and password
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "checkedUsernameAndPassword:", name: CHECK_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD, object: nil)
let username = GlobalVariables.USER_NAME
let password = GlobalVariables.PASSWORD
// check username and password
if let jsonString = Utility.checkUsernameAndPasswordJson(username, password:password){
print("json string returned = \(jsonString)")
let url = CHECKUSERJSON+jsonString
// CHECKUSERJSON = http://www.example.com/handler.php?do=CheckUserJson&json=
// jsonString = {\"username\":\"demo\",\"password\":\"demo\"}"
// the php script handles a json request and returns a string identifier
Utility.getHTTPRequest(url,notifierId: CHECK_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD)
// the returned identifier is sent to the checkedUsernaeAndPassword function when it becomes availabel.
}
}
Utility.swiftには、最初にjsonをエンコードするための2つの静的関数があり、次にHTTP呼び出しを実行します。
static func checkUsernameAndPasswordJson(username: String, password: String) -> String?{
let para:NSMutableDictionary = NSMutableDictionary()
para.setValue("demo", forKey: "username")
para.setValue("demo", forKey: "password")
let jsonData: NSData
do{
jsonData = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(para, options: NSJSONWritingOptions())
let jsonString = NSString(data: jsonData, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) as! String
return jsonString
} catch _ {
print ("UH OOO")
return nil
}
}
とHttpリクエスト
static func getHTTPRequest (url:String , notifierId: String) -> Void{
let urlString = url
let config = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
let session = NSURLSession(configuration: config, delegate: nil, delegateQueue: nil)
let safeURL = urlString.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(NSCharacterSet.URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet())!
if let url = NSURL(string: safeURL){
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
request.timeoutInterval = 60
let taskData = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: {
(data:NSData?, response:NSURLResponse?, error:NSError?) -> Void in
if (data != nil) {
let result = NSString(data: data! , encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
sendNotification (notifierId, message: String(result), num: 0)
}else{
sendNotification (notifierId, message: String(UTF8String: nil), num: -1) }
})
taskData.resume()
}else{
print("bad urlString = \(urlString)")
}
}
sendNotification関数は、円を完成させます。Observerでは、セレクター文字列の最後に「:」があることに注意してください。これにより、通知はuserInfoでペイロードを運ぶことができます。これにStringとIntを与えます。
static func sendNotification (key: String, message:String?, num: Int?){
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(
key,
object: nil,
userInfo: (["message": message!,
"num": "\(num!)"])
)
}
HTTPの使用はoldFashionedであり、HTTPSを優先することに注意してください。iOS9 でApp Transport Securityを有効にしてHTTP URLをロードするにはどうすればよいですか?をご覧ください。
var post:NSString = "api=myposts&userid=\(uid)&page_no=0&limit_no=10"
NSLog("PostData: %@",post);
var url1:NSURL = NSURL(string: url)!
var postData:NSData = post.dataUsingEncoding(NSASCIIStringEncoding)!
var postLength:NSString = String( postData.length )
var request:NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url1)
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
request.HTTPBody = postData
request.setValue(postLength, forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Length")
request.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
var reponseError: NSError?
var response: NSURLResponse?
var urlData: NSData? = NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request, returningResponse:&response, error:&reponseError)
if ( urlData != nil ) {
let res = response as NSHTTPURLResponse!;
NSLog("Response code: %ld", res.statusCode);
if (res.statusCode >= 200 && res.statusCode < 300)
{
var responseData:NSString = NSString(data:urlData!, encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding)!
NSLog("Response ==> %@", responseData);
var error: NSError?
let jsonData:NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(urlData!, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers , error: &error) as NSDictionary
let success:NSInteger = jsonData.valueForKey("error") as NSInteger
//[jsonData[@"success"] integerValue];
NSLog("Success: %ld", success);
if(success == 0)
{
NSLog("Login SUCCESS");
self.dataArr = jsonData.valueForKey("data") as NSMutableArray
self.table.reloadData()
} else {
NSLog("Login failed1");
ZAActivityBar.showErrorWithStatus("error", forAction: "Action2")
}
} else {
NSLog("Login failed2");
ZAActivityBar.showErrorWithStatus("error", forAction: "Action2")
}
} else {
NSLog("Login failed3");
ZAActivityBar.showErrorWithStatus("error", forAction: "Action2")
}
きっとお手伝いします
//これは私のために働いた例です
//キー値を使用してリクエストをサーバーに送信するSwift関数
func insertRecords()
{
let usrID = txtID.text
let checkin = lblInOut.text
let comment = txtComment.text
// The address of the web service
let urlString = "http://your_url/checkInOut_post.php"
// These are the keys that your are sending as part of the post request
let keyValues = "id=\(usrID)&inout=\(checkin)&comment=\(comment)"
// 1 - Create the session by getting the configuration and then
// creating the session
let config = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
let session = NSURLSession(configuration: config, delegate: nil, delegateQueue: nil)
// 2 - Create the URL Object
if let url = NSURL(string: urlString){
// 3 - Create the Request Object
var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
// set the key values
request.HTTPBody = keyValues.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding);
// 4 - execute the request
let taskData = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: {
(data:NSData!, response:NSURLResponse!, error:NSError!) -> Void in
println("\(data)")
// 5 - Do something with the Data back
if (data != nil) {
// we got some data back
println("\(data)")
let result = NSString(data: data , encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
println("\(result)")
if result == "OK" {
let a = UIAlertView(title: "OK", message: "Attendece has been recorded", delegate: nil, cancelButtonTitle: "OK")
println("\(result)")
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
a.show()
}
} else {
// display error and do something else
}
} else
{ // we got an error
println("Error getting stores :\(error.localizedDescription)")
}
})
taskData.resume()
}
}
キー値を取得するためのPHPコード
$ empID = $ _POST ['id'];
$ inOut = $ _POST ['inout'];
$ comment = $ _POST ['comment'];
遊び場での非常に単純なSwift 4の例を次に示します。
import UIKit
// run asynchronously in a playground
import PlaygroundSupport
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true
// create a url
let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")
// create a data task
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!) { (data, response, error) in
if error != nil {
print("there's a problem")
}
print(String(data: data!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8) ?? "")
}
//running the task w/ resume
task.resume()
XCUITestが非同期リクエストが完了する前にテストの終了を停止するには、これを使用します(100タイムアウトを減らす可能性があります)。
func test_api() {
let url = URL(string: "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/42")!
let exp = expectation(description: "Waiting for data")
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
exp.fulfill()
}
task.resume()
XCTWaiter.wait(for: [exp], timeout: 100)
}
キスの答え:
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: URL(string: "https://google.com")!) {(data, response, error) in
print(String(data: data!, encoding: .utf8))
}.resume()
「GET」リクエストの例を以下に示します。
let urlString = "YOUR_GET_URL"
let yourURL = URL(string: urlstring)
let dataTask = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: yourURL) { (data, response, error) in
do {
let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: .mutableContainers)
print("json --- \(json)")
}catch let err {
print("err---\(err.localizedDescription)")
}
}
dataTask.resume()