@JohnPowellakaBarçaが言っST_DWithin()たように、正確さを求めるときに行く方法です。
ただし、私の場合は大まかな見積もりだけが必要なのでST_DWithin()、ニーズに対して(クエリコストで)高すぎます。私が使用&&してST_Expand(box2d)(でこれを誤解していないgeometry代わりに、バージョン)。例:
SELECT * FROM profile
  WHERE
    address_point IS NOT NULL AND
    address_point && CAST(ST_Expand(CAST(ST_GeomFromText(:point) AS box2d), 0.5) AS geometry;
すぐにわかるのは、メートルではなく度数を扱い、回転楕円体では円の代わりに境界ボックスを使用していることです。私の使用例では、これにより24ミリ秒から2ミリ秒に削減されます(ローカルではSSDで)。ただし、同時接続とほとんど生成されないIOPSクォータ(100 IOPS)を使用するAWS RDS PostgreSQLの本番データベースでは、元のST_DWithin()クエリはIOPSを使いすぎ、実行時間が2000ミリ秒を超え、IOPSクォータが枯渇するとさらに悪くなります。
これはすべての人に当てはまるわけではありませんが、速度の精度を犠牲にすることができる場合(またはIOPSを節約する場合)は、このアプローチが適している可能性があります。以下のクエリプランで確認できるように、ST_DWithinCondの再チェックに加えて、ビットマップヒープスキャン内に空間フィルターが必要ですが&&、ボックスジオメトリでは、フィルターは必要なく、Condの再チェックのみを使用します。
また、IS NOT NULL問題があることに気づきました。問題がないと、クエリプランが悪化します。GISTインデックスはこれに対して「十分にスマート」ではないようです。(もちろん、列がの場合は必要ありませんがNOT NULL、私の場合は可能ですNULL)
20000行テーブル、ST_DWithin(geography, geography, 100000, FALSE)300 RIOPSのAWS RDS 512 MB RAM:
Aggregate  (cost=4.61..4.62 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=2011.358..2011.358 rows=1 loops=1)
  ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on matchprofile  (cost=2.83..4.61 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=1735.025..2010.635 rows=1974 loops=1)
        Recheck Cond: (((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography)) OR ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography)))
        Filter: (((status)::text = 'ACTIVE'::text) AND ((gender)::text = 'MALE'::text) AND (((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography) AND ('0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography && _st_expand(address_point, '100000'::double precision)) AND _st_dwithin(address_point, '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography, '100000'::double precision, false)) OR ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography) AND ('0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography && _st_expand(hometown_point, '100000'::double precision)) AND _st_dwithin(hometown_point, '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography, '100000'::double precision, false))))
        Rows Removed by Filter: 3323
        Heap Blocks: exact=7014
        ->  BitmapOr  (cost=2.83..2.83 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=1716.425..1716.425 rows=0 loops=1)
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_address_point  (cost=0.00..1.42 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=1167.698..1167.698 rows=16086 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography))
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_hometown_point  (cost=0.00..1.42 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=548.723..548.723 rows=7846 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography))
Planning time: 47.366 ms
Execution time: 2011.429 ms
20000行テーブル、&&およびST_Expand(box2d)AWS RDSで300 IOPSの512 MB RAM:
Aggregate  (cost=3.85..3.86 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=584.346..584.346 rows=1 loops=1)
  ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on matchprofile  (cost=2.83..3.85 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=555.048..584.083 rows=1154 loops=1)
        Recheck Cond: (((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography)) OR ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography)))
        Filter: (((status)::text = 'ACTIVE'::text) AND ((gender)::text = 'MALE'::text))
        Rows Removed by Filter: 555
        Heap Blocks: exact=3812
        ->  BitmapOr  (cost=2.83..2.83 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=553.091..553.091 rows=0 loops=1)
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_address_point  (cost=0.00..1.42 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=413.074..413.074 rows=4850 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography))
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_hometown_point  (cost=0.00..1.42 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=140.014..140.014 rows=3100 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography))
Planning time: 0.673 ms
Execution time: 584.386 ms
もう一度簡単なクエリで:
20000行テーブル、ST_DWithin(geography, geography, 100000, FALSE)300 RIOPSのAWS RDS 512 MB RAM:
Aggregate  (cost=4.60..4.61 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=36.448..36.448 rows=1 loops=1)
  ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on matchprofile  (cost=2.83..4.60 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=7.694..35.545 rows=2982 loops=1)
        Recheck Cond: (((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography)) OR ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography)))
        Filter: (((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography) AND ('0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography && _st_expand(address_point, '100000'::double precision)) AND _st_dwithin(address_point, '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography, '100000'::double precision, true)) OR ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography) AND ('0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography && _st_expand(hometown_point, '100000'::double precision)) AND _st_dwithin(hometown_point, '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography, '100000'::double precision, true)))
        Rows Removed by Filter: 2322
        Heap Blocks: exact=2947
        ->  BitmapOr  (cost=2.83..2.83 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=7.197..7.197 rows=0 loops=1)
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_address_point  (cost=0.00..1.41 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=5.265..5.265 rows=5680 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography))
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_hometown_point  (cost=0.00..1.41 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=1.930..1.930 rows=2743 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0101000020E6100000744694F606E75A40D49AE61DA7A81BC0'::geography))
Planning time: 0.479 ms
Execution time: 36.512 ms
20000行テーブル、&&およびST_Expand(box2d)AWS RDSで300 IOPSの512 MB RAM:
Aggregate  (cost=3.84..3.85 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=6.263..6.264 rows=1 loops=1)
  ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on matchprofile  (cost=2.83..3.84 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=4.295..5.864 rows=1711 loops=1)
        Recheck Cond: (((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography)) OR ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography)))
        Heap Blocks: exact=1419
        ->  BitmapOr  (cost=2.83..2.83 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=4.122..4.122 rows=0 loops=1)
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_address_point  (cost=0.00..1.41 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=3.018..3.018 rows=1693 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((address_point IS NOT NULL) AND (address_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography))
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on ik_matchprofile_hometown_point  (cost=0.00..1.41 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=1.102..1.102 rows=980 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: ((hometown_point IS NOT NULL) AND (hometown_point && '0103000020E61000000100000005000000744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A819C0744694F606075B40D49AE61DA7A81DC0744694F606C75A40D49AE61DA7A81DC0'::geography))
Planning time: 0.399 ms
Execution time: 6.306 ms