テストデータを初期化します。
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
CREATE TABLE docs (data JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}');
-- generate 200k documents, ~half with type: "type1" and another half with type: "type2", unique incremented index and random uuid per each row
INSERT INTO docs (data)
SELECT json_build_object('id', gen_random_uuid(), 'type', (CASE WHEN random() > 0.5 THEN 'type1' ELSE 'type2' END) ,'index', n)::JSONB
FROM generate_series(1, 200000) n;
-- inset one more row with explicit uuid to query by it later
INSERT INTO docs (data) VALUES (json_build_object('id', '30e84646-c5c5-492d-b7f7-c884d77d1e0a', 'type', 'type1' ,'index', 200001)::JSONB);
最初のクエリ-データ->タイプと制限でフィルター:
-- FAST ~19ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM docs
WHERE data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::JSONB
LIMIT 25;
/* "Limit (cost=0.00..697.12 rows=25 width=90) (actual time=0.029..0.070 rows=25 loops=1)"
" -> Seq Scan on docs (cost=0.00..5577.00 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=0.028..0.061 rows=25 loops=1)"
" Filter: (data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::jsonb)"
" Rows Removed by Filter: 17"
"Planning time: 0.069 ms"
"Execution time: 0.098 ms"
*/
2番目のクエリ-データ->タイプでフィルターし、データ->インデックスと制限で並べ替え
-- SLOW ~250ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM docs
WHERE data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::JSONB
ORDER BY data->'index' -- added ORDER BY
LIMIT 25;
/* "Limit (cost=5583.14..5583.21 rows=25 width=90) (actual time=236.750..236.754 rows=25 loops=1)"
" -> Sort (cost=5583.14..5583.64 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=236.750..236.750 rows=25 loops=1)"
" Sort Key: ((data -> 'index'::text))"
" Sort Method: top-N heapsort Memory: 28kB"
" -> Seq Scan on docs (cost=0.00..5577.50 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=0.020..170.797 rows=100158 loops=1)"
" Filter: (data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::jsonb)"
" Rows Removed by Filter: 99842"
"Planning time: 0.075 ms"
"Execution time: 236.785 ms"
*/
3番目のクエリ-2番目(前)と同じですが、data-> indexにbtreeインデックスがあります。
CREATE INDEX docs_data_index_idx ON docs ((data->'index'));
-- FAST ~19ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM docs
WHERE data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::JSONB
ORDER BY data->'index' -- added BTREE index on this field
LIMIT 25;
/* "Limit (cost=0.42..2473.98 rows=25 width=90) (actual time=0.040..0.125 rows=25 loops=1)"
" -> Index Scan using docs_data_index_idx on docs (cost=0.42..19788.92 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=0.038..0.119 rows=25 loops=1)"
" Filter: (data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::jsonb)"
" Rows Removed by Filter: 17"
"Planning time: 0.127 ms"
"Execution time: 0.159 ms"
*/
4番目のクエリ-data-> idとlimit = 1でフィルターします。
-- SLOW ~116ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM docs
WHERE data @> ('{"id": "30e84646-c5c5-492d-b7f7-c884d77d1e0a"}')::JSONB -- querying by "id" field now
LIMIT 1;
/* "Limit (cost=0.00..27.89 rows=1 width=90) (actual time=97.990..97.990 rows=1 loops=1)"
" -> Seq Scan on docs (cost=0.00..5577.00 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=97.989..97.989 rows=1 loops=1)"
" Filter: (data @> '{"id": "30e84646-c5c5-492d-b7f7-c884d77d1e0a"}'::jsonb)"
" Rows Removed by Filter: 189999"
"Planning time: 0.064 ms"
"Execution time: 98.012 ms"
*/
5番目のクエリ-4番目と同じですが、データにgin(json_path_ops)インデックスがあります。
CREATE INDEX docs_data_idx ON docs USING GIN (data jsonb_path_ops);
-- FAST ~17ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM docs
WHERE data @> '{"id": "30e84646-c5c5-492d-b7f7-c884d77d1e0a"}'::JSONB -- added gin index with json_path_ops
LIMIT 1;
/* "Limit (cost=17.55..20.71 rows=1 width=90) (actual time=0.027..0.027 rows=1 loops=1)"
" -> Bitmap Heap Scan on docs (cost=17.55..649.91 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=0.026..0.026 rows=1 loops=1)"
" Recheck Cond: (data @> '{"id": "30e84646-c5c5-492d-b7f7-c884d77d1e0a"}'::jsonb)"
" Heap Blocks: exact=1"
" -> Bitmap Index Scan on docs_data_idx (cost=0.00..17.50 rows=200 width=0) (actual time=0.016..0.016 rows=1 loops=1)"
" Index Cond: (data @> '{"id": "30e84646-c5c5-492d-b7f7-c884d77d1e0a"}'::jsonb)"
"Planning time: 0.095 ms"
"Execution time: 0.055 ms"
*/
6番目(および最後)のクエリ-3番目のクエリと同じ(データによるクエリ->タイプ、データによる順序->インデックス、制限):
-- SLOW AGAIN! ~224ms
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM docs
WHERE data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::JSONB
ORDER BY data->'index'
LIMIT 25;
/* "Limit (cost=656.06..656.12 rows=25 width=90) (actual time=215.927..215.932 rows=25 loops=1)"
" -> Sort (cost=656.06..656.56 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=215.925..215.925 rows=25 loops=1)"
" Sort Key: ((data -> 'index'::text))"
" Sort Method: top-N heapsort Memory: 28kB"
" -> Bitmap Heap Scan on docs (cost=17.55..650.41 rows=200 width=90) (actual time=33.134..152.618 rows=100158 loops=1)"
" Recheck Cond: (data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::jsonb)"
" Heap Blocks: exact=3077"
" -> Bitmap Index Scan on docs_data_idx (cost=0.00..17.50 rows=200 width=0) (actual time=32.468..32.468 rows=100158 loops=1)"
" Index Cond: (data @> '{"type": "type1"}'::jsonb)"
"Planning time: 0.157 ms"
"Execution time: 215.992 ms"
*/
したがって、データ列にジンインデックスがある場合、6番目(3番目と同じ)のクエリははるかに遅くなるようです。それはおそらく、data-> typeフィールドに明確な値が多くないためです(「type1」または「type2」のみ)。それについて私は何ができますか?私はそれの恩恵を受ける他のクエリを作るためにジンインデックスが必要です...