C、スコア2.397x10 ^ 38
おそらく私が言語を選択したことが原因で、これには時間がかかりすぎました。私はアルゴリズムをかなり早く動作させましたが、メモリの割り当てで多くの問題に遭遇しました(スタックオーバーフローのために再帰的に解放することができず、リークサイズが巨大でした)。
まだ!すべてのテストケースで他のエントリよりも優れており、多くの場合、最適なソリューションがかなり近いか、正確に最適なソリューションになることさえあります。
とにかく、ここにコードがあります:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#define WHITE 'W'
#define BLACK 'B'
#define RED 'R'
typedef struct image {
int w, h;
char* buf;
} image;
typedef struct point {
int x, y;
struct point *next;
struct point *parent;
} point;
typedef struct shape {
point* first_point;
point* last_point;
struct shape* next_shape;
} shape;
typedef struct storage {
point* points;
size_t points_size;
size_t points_index;
shape* shapes;
size_t shapes_size;
size_t shapes_index;
} storage;
char getpx(image* img, int x, int y) {
if (0>x || x>=img->w || 0>y || y>=img->h) {
return WHITE;
} else {
return img->buf[y*img->w+x];
}
}
storage* create_storage(int w, int h) {
storage* ps = (storage*)malloc(sizeof(storage));
ps->points_size = 8*w*h;
ps->points = (point*)calloc(ps->points_size, sizeof(point));
ps->points_index = 0;
ps->shapes_size = 2*w*h;
ps->shapes = (shape*)calloc(ps->shapes_size, sizeof(shape));
ps->shapes_index = 0;
return ps;
}
void free_storage(storage* ps) {
if (ps != NULL) {
if (ps->points != NULL) {
free(ps->points);
ps->points = NULL;
}
if (ps->shapes != NULL) {
free(ps->shapes);
ps->shapes = NULL;
}
free(ps);
}
}
point* alloc_point(storage* ps) {
if (ps->points_index == ps->points_size) {
printf("WHOAH THERE BUDDY SLOW DOWN\n");
/*// double the size of the buffer
point* new_buffer = (point*)malloc(ps->points_size*2*sizeof(point));
// need to change all existing pointers to point to new buffer
long long int pointer_offset = (long long int)new_buffer - (long long int)ps->points;
for (size_t i=0; i<ps->points_index; i++) {
new_buffer[i] = ps->points[i];
if (new_buffer[i].next != NULL) {
new_buffer[i].next += pointer_offset;
}
if (new_buffer[i].parent != NULL) {
new_buffer[i].parent += pointer_offset;
}
}
for(size_t i=0; i<ps->shapes_index; i++) {
if (ps->shapes[i].first_point != NULL) {
ps->shapes[i].first_point += pointer_offset;
}
if (ps->shapes[i].last_point != NULL) {
ps->shapes[i].last_point += pointer_offset;
}
}
free(ps->points);
ps->points = new_buffer;
ps->points_size = ps->points_size * 2;*/
}
point* out = &(ps->points[ps->points_index]);
ps->points_index += 1;
return out;
}
shape* alloc_shape(storage* ps) {
/*if (ps->shapes_index == ps->shapes_size) {
// double the size of the buffer
shape* new_buffer = (shape*)malloc(ps->shapes_size*2*sizeof(shape));
long long int pointer_offset = (long long int)new_buffer - (long long int)ps->shapes;
for (size_t i=0; i<ps->shapes_index; i++) {
new_buffer[i] = ps->shapes[i];
if (new_buffer[i].next_shape != NULL) {
new_buffer[i].next_shape += pointer_offset;
}
}
free(ps->shapes);
ps->shapes = new_buffer;
ps->shapes_size = ps->shapes_size * 2;
}*/
shape* out = &(ps->shapes[ps->shapes_index]);
ps->shapes_index += 1;
return out;
}
shape floodfill_shape(image* img, storage* ps, int x, int y, char* buf) {
// not using point allocator for exploration stack b/c that will overflow it
point* stack = (point*)malloc(sizeof(point));
stack->x = x;
stack->y = y;
stack->next = NULL;
stack->parent = NULL;
point* explored = NULL;
point* first_explored;
point* next_explored;
while (stack != NULL) {
int sx = stack->x;
int sy = stack->y;
point* prev_head = stack;
stack = stack->next;
free(prev_head);
buf[sx+sy*img->w] = 1; // mark as explored
// add point to shape
next_explored = alloc_point(ps);
next_explored->x = sx;
next_explored->y = sy;
next_explored->next = NULL;
next_explored->parent = NULL;
if (explored != NULL) {
explored->next = next_explored;
} else {
first_explored = next_explored;
}
explored = next_explored;
for (int dy=-1; dy<2; dy++) {
for (int dx=-1; dx<2; dx++) {
if (dy != 0 || dx != 0) {
int nx = sx+dx;
int ny = sy+dy;
if (getpx(img, nx, ny) == WHITE || buf[nx+ny*img->w]) {
// skip adding point to fringe
} else {
// push point to top of stack
point* new_point = (point*)malloc(sizeof(point));
new_point->x = nx;
new_point->y = ny;
new_point->next = stack;
new_point->parent = NULL;
stack = new_point;
}
}
}
}
}
/*if (getpx(img, x, y) == WHITE || buf[x+y*img->w]) {
return (shape){NULL, NULL, NULL};
} else {
buf[x+y*img->w] = 1;
shape e = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y, buf);
shape ne = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y+1, buf);
shape n = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x, y+1, buf);
shape nw = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y+1, buf);
shape w = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y, buf);
shape sw = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y-1, buf);
shape s = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x, y-1, buf);
shape se = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y-1, buf);
point *p = alloc_point(ps);
p->x = x;
p->y = y;
p->next = NULL;
p->parent = NULL;
shape o = (shape){p, p, NULL};
if (e.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = e.first_point;
o.last_point = e.last_point;
}
if (ne.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = ne.first_point;
o.last_point = ne.last_point;
}
if (n.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = n.first_point;
o.last_point = n.last_point;
}
if (nw.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = nw.first_point;
o.last_point = nw.last_point;
}
if (w.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = w.first_point;
o.last_point = w.last_point;
}
if (sw.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = sw.first_point;
o.last_point = sw.last_point;
}
if (s.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = s.first_point;
o.last_point = s.last_point;
}
if (se.first_point != NULL) {
o.last_point->next = se.first_point;
o.last_point = se.last_point;
}
return o;
}*/
shape out = {first_explored, explored, NULL};
return out;
}
shape* create_shapes(image* img, storage* ps) {
char* added_buffer = (char*)calloc(img->w*img->h, sizeof(char));
shape* first_shape = NULL;
shape* last_shape = NULL;
int num_shapes = 0;
for (int y=0; y<img->h; y++) {
for (int x=0; x<img->w; x++) {
if (getpx(img, x, y) != WHITE && !(added_buffer[x+y*img->w])) {
shape* alloced_shape = alloc_shape(ps);
*alloced_shape = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x, y, added_buffer);
if (first_shape == NULL) {
first_shape = alloced_shape;
last_shape = alloced_shape;
} else if (last_shape != NULL) {
last_shape->next_shape = alloced_shape;
last_shape = alloced_shape;
}
num_shapes++;
}
}
}
free(added_buffer);
return first_shape;
}
void populate_buf(image* img, shape* s, char* buf) {
point* p = s->first_point;
while (p != NULL) {
buf[p->x+p->y*img->w] = 1;
p = p->next;
}
}
bool expand_frontier(image* img, storage* ps, shape* prev_frontier, shape* next_frontier, char* buf) {
point* p = prev_frontier->first_point;
point* n = NULL;
bool found = false;
size_t starting_points_index = ps->points_index;
while (p != NULL) {
for (int dy=-1; dy<2; dy++) {
for (int dx=-1; dx<2; dx++) {
if (dy != 0 || dx != 0) {
int nx = p->x+dx;
int ny = p->y+dy;
if ((0<=nx && nx<img->w && 0<=ny && ny<img->h) // in bounds
&& !buf[nx+ny*img->w]) { // not searched yet
buf[nx+ny*img->w] = 1;
if (getpx(img, nx, ny) != WHITE) {
// found a new shape!
ps->points_index = starting_points_index;
n = alloc_point(ps);
n->x = nx;
n->y = ny;
n->next = NULL;
n->parent = p;
found = true;
goto __expand_frontier_fullbreak;
} else {
// need to search more
point* f = alloc_point(ps);
f->x = nx;
f->y = ny;
f->next = n;
f->parent = p;
n = f;
}
}
}
}}
p = p->next;
}
__expand_frontier_fullbreak:
p = NULL;
point* last_n = n;
while (last_n->next != NULL) {
last_n = last_n->next;
}
next_frontier->first_point = n;
next_frontier->last_point = last_n;
return found;
}
void color_from_frontier(image* img, point* frontier_point) {
point* p = frontier_point->parent;
while (p->parent != NULL) { // if everything else is right,
// a frontier point should come in a chain of at least 3
// (f point (B) -> point to color (W) -> point in shape (B) -> NULL)
img->buf[p->x+p->y*img->w] = RED;
p = p->parent;
}
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
if (argc < 3) {
printf("Error: first argument must be filename to load, second argument filename to save to.\n");
return 1;
}
char* fname = argv[1];
FILE* fp = fopen(fname, "r");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error opening file \"%s\"\n", fname);
return 1;
}
int w, h;
w = 0;
h = 0;
fscanf(fp, "%d %d\n", &w, &h);
if (w==0 || h==0) {
printf("Error: invalid width/height specified\n");
return 1;
}
char* buf = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*w*h+1);
fgets(buf, w*h+1, fp);
fclose(fp);
image img = (image){w, h, buf};
int nshapes = 0;
storage* ps = create_storage(w, h);
while (nshapes != 1) {
// main loop, do processing step until one shape left
ps->points_index = 0;
ps->shapes_index = 0;
shape* head = create_shapes(&img, ps);
nshapes = 0;
shape* pt = head;
while (pt != NULL) {
pt = pt->next_shape;
nshapes++;
}
if (nshapes % 1024 == 0) {
printf("shapes left: %d\n", nshapes);
}
if (nshapes == 1) {
goto __main_task_complete;
}
shape* frontier = alloc_shape(ps);
// making a copy so we can safely free later
point* p = head->first_point;
point* ffp = NULL;
point* flp = NULL;
while (p != NULL) {
if (ffp == NULL) {
ffp = alloc_point(ps);
ffp->x = p->x;
ffp->y = p->y;
ffp->next = NULL;
ffp->parent = NULL;
flp = ffp;
} else {
point* fnp = alloc_point(ps);
fnp->x = p->x;
fnp->y = p->y;
fnp->next = NULL;
fnp->parent = NULL;
flp->next = fnp;
flp = fnp;
}
p = p->next;
}
frontier->first_point = ffp;
frontier->last_point = flp;
frontier->next_shape = NULL;
char* visited_buf = (char*)calloc(img.w*img.h+1, sizeof(char));
populate_buf(&img, frontier, visited_buf);
shape* new_frontier = alloc_shape(ps);
new_frontier->first_point = NULL;
new_frontier->last_point = NULL;
new_frontier->next_shape = NULL;
while (!expand_frontier(&img, ps, frontier, new_frontier, visited_buf)) {
frontier->first_point = new_frontier->first_point;
frontier->last_point = new_frontier->last_point;
new_frontier->next_shape = frontier;
}
free(visited_buf);
color_from_frontier(&img, new_frontier->first_point);
__main_task_complete:
img = img;
}
free_storage(ps);
char* outfname = argv[2];
fp = fopen(outfname, "w");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error opening file \"%s\"\n", outfname);
return 1;
}
fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", img.w, img.h);
fprintf(fp, "%s", img.buf);
free(img.buf);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
テスト済み:Arch Linux、GCC 9.1.0、 -O3
このコードは、「cppm」と呼ばれるカスタムファイルの入力/出力を取ります(これは、古典的なPPM形式の圧縮バージョンに似ているためです)。変換する/変換するPythonスクリプトは次のとおりです。
from PIL import Image
BLACK='B'
WHITE='W'
RED ='R'
def image_to_cppm(infname, outfname):
outfile = open(outfname, 'w')
im = Image.open(infname)
w, h = im.width, im.height
outfile.write(f"{w} {h}\n")
for y in range(h):
for x in range(w):
r, g, b, *_ = im.getpixel((x, y))
if r==0 and g==0 and b==0:
outfile.write(BLACK)
elif g==0 and b==0:
outfile.write(RED)
else:
outfile.write(WHITE)
outfile.write("\n")
outfile.close()
im.close()
def cppm_to_image(infname, outfname):
infile = open(infname, 'r')
w, h = infile.readline().split(" ")
w, h = int(w), int(h)
im = Image.new('RGB', (w, h), color=(255, 255, 255))
for y in range(h):
for x in range(w):
c = infile.read(1)
if c==BLACK:
im.putpixel((x,y), (0, 0, 0))
elif c==RED:
im.putpixel((x,y), (255, 0, 0))
infile.close()
im.save(outfname)
im.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
if len(sys.argv) < 3:
print("Error: must provide 2 files to convert, first is from, second is to")
infname = sys.argv[1]
outfname = sys.argv[2]
if not infname.endswith("cppm") and outfname.endswith("cppm"):
image_to_cppm(infname, outfname)
elif infname.endswith("cppm") and not outfname.endswith("cppm"):
cppm_to_image(infname, outfname)
else:
print("didn't do anything, exactly one file must end with .cppm")
アルゴリズムの説明
このアルゴリズムの仕組みは、赤いピクセルを含む、画像内のすべての接続された形状を見つけることから始まります。次に、最初のものを取得し、別の形状に遭遇するまで、フロンティアを一度に1ピクセルずつ拡張します。次に、タッチから元のシェイプまでのすべてのピクセルに色を付けます(追跡するために作成したリンクリストを使用します)。最後に、残りの形状が1つになるまで、作成されたすべての新しい形状を見つけるプロセスを繰り返します。
イメージギャラリー
テストケース1、183ピクセル
テストケース2、140ピクセル
テストケース3、244ピクセル
テストケース4、42ピクセル
テストケース5、622ピクセル
テストケース6、1ピクセル
テストケース7、104ピクセル
テストケース8、2286ピクセル
テストケース9、22ピクセル
テストケース10、31581ピクセル
テストケース11、21421ピクセル
テストケース12、5465ピクセル
テストケース13、4679ピクセル
テストケース14、7362ピクセル