この課題では、スナブスクエアタイル上の擬似ポリフォームを数える必要があります。

このシーケンスはまだOEISに存在しないため、このシーケンスのできるだけ多くの項を計算するという課題があります。

更新：これはOEISにA309159として追加されました。n個のセルを持つスナブ正方形タイル上の一般化されたポリフォームの数。

定義

スナブ正方形タイルは、正三角形と正方形で構成される平面の半規則的なタイルです。

スナブ正方形タイル上の擬似ポリフォームは、ポリオミノに似た、共有された辺に沿ってこれらの三角形と正方形を結合することによって構築された平面図です。6セルおよび8セルの擬似ポリフォームの例を次に示します。

例

以下のためにn = 12つの1セル擬似polyforms、すなわち正方形および三角形があります。

以下のためにn = 22つの2セル擬似polyforms、三角形及び二つの三角形を有する、すなわち正方形があります。

以下のためにn = 34つの3セル擬似polyformsがあります。

チャレンジ

この課題の目標は、このシーケンスで可能な限り多くの項を計算することです。この2, 2, 4, ...項では、n番目の項は回転と反射までのnセルの擬似ポリフォームの数です。

好きなだけコードを実行します。このチャレンジの勝者は、シーケンスのほとんどの用語とコードを投稿するユーザーです。2人のユーザーが同じ数の用語を投稿すると、最後の用語を最も早く投稿した人が勝者となります。

（このシーケンスがOEISにまだ存在しないことを証明するのに十分な既知の用語があれば、OEISにエントリを作成し、必要に応じて共著者として貢献者をリストします。）

ハスケル

ピーターテイラーがOEISで検索するのに十分な用語を提供した最初のコメントであるというコメントだけでなく、結果を提供できます。

( 1 - 10) 2, 2, 4, 10, 28, 79, 235, 720, 2254, 7146,
(11 - 15) 22927, 74137, 241461, 790838, 2603210,
(16 - 18) 8604861, 28549166, 95027832,
(19 - 22) 317229779, 1061764660, 3562113987, 11976146355

以前、六角形のポリオミノを数えました。いくつかの最適化を除いて、ここで行っていることは非常に似ています。

タイルの要素は次のように表されます。正方形と長方形を交互に使用して、左から右へ（最初の図では）ほぼ直線で進むことができます。ほぼ平行なさらに別の線があり、反対方向にウィグリングします。一緒に、彼らはいくつかの三角形を見逃しています。下から上に類似したほぼ直線の平行線があり、そこには欠落している三角形が含まれています。ここで、ウィグリングを無視してデカルト座標系を使用しますが、正方形の座標には奇数のみを使用します。その後、三角形は自然に1つの偶数座標と1つの奇数座標を持つ座標ペアを取得します。両方の座標を持つペアは、タイルの要素を表していません。

（正方形の座標に偶数を使用することもできます。回転する前に反射について考えたため、この方法を決めたと思います。）

次のような名前でプログラムをファイルに保存し、cgp.hsコンパイルしてくださいghc -O2 -o cgp cgp.hsます。1つの数値コマンドライン引数を取り、そのサイズのポリオミノの数を計算するか、またはなしの場合、停止するまで値を計算します。

{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}

import Data.List(sort)
import qualified Data.Set as S
import System.Environment(getArgs)

data Point = P !Int !Int deriving (Eq,Ord)

start :: Point
start = P 1 1

redsq :: Point -> Bool
redsq (P x y) = (x+y) `mod` 4 == 2

neighs :: Point -> [Point]
neighs (P x y) =
  case (even x, even y) of
    (False,False) -> [P x (y+1), P (x+1) y, P x (y-1), P (x-1) y]
    (True, False) -> (P x (c y (x+y+1))) : opt [P (x-1) y, P (x+1) y]
    (False,True ) -> (P (c x (x+y-1)) y) : opt [P x (y-1), P x (y+1)]
  where
    opt = filter ok
    ok p = p>start || not (redsq p)
    c z m = if m `mod` 4 == 0 then z+2 else z-2

count :: S.Set Point -> S.Set Point -> [Point] -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
count use _    _            0 c r y =
  if check (S.toAscList use) (y==r)
    then c+1
    else c
count _   _    []           _ c _ _ = c
count use seen (p:possible) n c r y =
  let !c' = count use seen possible n c r y
      new = filter (`S.notMember` seen) $ neighs p
      !r' = if redsq p then r+1 else r
      !y' = if redsq (mirror p) then y+1 else y
      !n' = n-1
  in if r'+n' < y' 
       then c'
       else count (S.insert p use) (foldr S.insert seen new) (new++possible)
                  n' c' r' y'

class Geom g where
  translate :: Int -> Int -> g -> g
  rot :: g -> g
  mirror :: g -> g

instance Geom Point where
  translate dx dy (P x y) = P (dx+x) (dy+y)
  rot (P x y) = P (2-y) x    -- rotate around (1,1)
  mirror (P x y) = P x (-y)

instance (Geom g, Ord g) => Geom [g] where
  translate x y = map $ translate x y
  rot = sort . map rot
  mirror = sort . map mirror

normalize :: [Point] -> [Point]
normalize pol = let (P x y) = head (filter redsq pol)
                in translate (1-x) (1-y) pol

check :: [Point] -> Bool -> Bool
check pol !cm = let rotated = take 4 $ iterate rot pol
                    mirrored = if cm then map mirror rotated else []
                    alts = map normalize (tail rotated ++ mirrored)
                in all (pol<=) alts

f :: Int -> Int
f 0 = 1; f 1 = 2; f 2 = 2
f n = count S.empty S.empty [start] n 0 0 0

output :: Int -> IO ()
output n = putStrLn $ show n ++ ": " ++ show (f n)

main = do args <- getArgs
          case args of
            []  -> mapM_ output [1..]
            [n] -> output (read n)

オンラインでお試しください！

2、2、4、10、28、79、235、720、2254、7146、22927、74137、241461、790838、2603210、8604861、28549166、95027832

Christian Sieversがn = 18の答えを投稿する前に、私は地面に賭けをするつもりです。これは、現在のコードと16GBのRAMでできる限りです。メモリ使用量を削減するために、速度を犠牲にする必要がありましたが、さらにそれを行う必要があります。いくつかのアイデアがあります...

このスニペットは、最初のコメントのSVGです。

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="130" height="130">
  <path style="stroke:none; fill:#f22" d="M 72,72 l -14.235,53.1259 -53.1259,-14.235 14.235,-53.1259 z" />  <!-- "Anticlockwise" square -->
  <path style="stroke:none; fill:#44f" d="M 72,72 l 53.1259,-14.235 -14.235,-53.1259 -53.1259,14.235 z" />  <!-- "Clockwise" square -->

  <path style="stroke:none; fill:#4f4" d="M 72,72 l 38.89,38.89 14.235,-53.1259 z" />  <!-- "NE" triangle -->
  <path style="stroke:none; fill:#ff4" d="M 72,72 l 38.89,38.89 -53.1259,14.235 z" />  <!-- "SW" triangle -->
  <path style="stroke:none; fill:#4ff" d="M 72,72 m -53.1259,-14.235 l 38.89,-38.89 -53.1259,-14.235 z" />  <!-- "NW" triangle -->

  <path style="stroke:#000; fill:none" d="M 72,72 m 38.89,38.89 l 14.235,-53.1259 -14.235,-53.1259 -53.1259,14.235 -53.1259,-14.235 14.235,53.1259 -14.235,53.1259 53.1259,14.235 53.1259,-14.235" />
</svg>

コードはC＃です。Linuxで.Net Core 2.2.6を使用して実行しました。

#define SUPERLIGHT
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;

namespace Sandbox
{
    // /codegolf/187763/counting-generalized-polyominoes
    // Count polyominos on the snub square tiling.

    // We index the tiles using the following basic element, which tiles like a square:
    /*
        <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
        <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="130" height="130">
            <path style="stroke:none; fill:#f22" d="M 72,72 l -14.235,53.1259 -53.1259,-14.235 14.235,-53.1259 z" />  <!-- "Anticlockwise" square -->
            <path style="stroke:none; fill:#44f" d="M 72,72 l 53.1259,-14.235 -14.235,-53.1259 -53.1259,14.235 z" />  <!-- "Clockwise" square -->

            <path style="stroke:none; fill:#4f4" d="M 72,72 l 38.89,38.89 14.235,-53.1259 z" />  <!-- "NE" triangle -->
            <path style="stroke:none; fill:#ff4" d="M 72,72 l 38.89,38.89 -53.1259,14.235 z" />  <!-- "SW" triangle -->
            <path style="stroke:none; fill:#4ff" d="M 72,72 m -53.1259,-14.235 l 38.89,-38.89 -53.1259,-14.235 z" />  <!-- "NW" triangle -->
            <!-- There's a "SE" triangle, but it's unfilled -->

            <path style="stroke:#000; fill:none" d="M 72,72 m 38.89,38.89 l 14.235,-53.1259 -14.235,-53.1259 -53.1259,14.235 -53.1259,-14.235 14.235,53.1259 -14.235,53.1259 53.1259,14.235 53.1259,-14.235" />
        </svg>
    */
    // In terms of symmetries, we have rotation by 90 degrees and reflection, possibly with glide.
    // We obviously want a canonical representation.
    //   Reflection interchanges "anticlockwise" and "clockwise" squares, so we shall require at least as many anticlockwise as clockwise.
    //   Rotation anticlockwise by 90 maps NE -> NW -> SW -> SE -> NE. We rotate to get a standard necklace.
    //   Further ties must be broken lexicographically, after translating to give minimum X and Y of 0.
    class PPCG187763
    {

        internal static void Main()
        {
            SanityChecks();

            var polyominos = new HashSet<TileSet>();
            polyominos.Add(new TileSet(Enumerable.Repeat(new Tile { X = 0, Y = 0, Shape = TileShape.SE }, 1)));
            polyominos.Add(new TileSet(Enumerable.Repeat(new Tile { X = 0, Y = 0, Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise }, 1)));
            Console.WriteLine($"1\t{polyominos.Count}");
            for (int tileCount = 2; tileCount < 60; tileCount++)
            {
                var sw = new Stopwatch();
                sw.Start();
                var nextPolyominos = new HashSet<TileSet>();
                // TODO This can be greatly optimised by tracking discarded insertion points
                foreach (var polyomino in polyominos)
                {
                    foreach (var neighbour in polyomino.SelectMany(tile => tile.Neighbours).Distinct())
                    {
                        if (!polyomino.Contains(neighbour)) nextPolyominos.Add(new TileSet(polyomino.Concat(Enumerable.Repeat(neighbour, 1))));
                    }
                }
                polyominos = nextPolyominos;
                Console.WriteLine($"{tileCount}\t{polyominos.Count}\t{sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
            }
        }

        private static void SanityChecks()
        {
            var cluster = new HashSet<Tile>();
            cluster.Add(new Tile { Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise });
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            {
                foreach (var tile in cluster.SelectMany(tile => tile.Neighbours).ToList()) cluster.Add(tile);
            }

            foreach (var tile in cluster)
            {
                foreach (var neighbour in tile.Neighbours)
                {
                    if (!neighbour.Neighbours.Contains(tile))
                    {
                        throw new Exception("Assertion failed: adjacency isn't symmetric");
                    }

                    if (!tile.Flip().Neighbours.Contains(neighbour.Flip()))
                    {
                        throw new Exception("Assertion failed: flip doesn't preserve adjacency");
                    }

                    if (!tile.Rot().Neighbours.Contains(neighbour.Rot()))
                    {
                        throw new Exception("Assertion failed: rot doesn't preserve adjacency");
                    }

                    if (!tile.Equals(tile.Rot().Rot().Rot().Rot()))
                    {
                        throw new Exception("Assertion failed: rot^4 should be identity");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        struct Tile : IComparable<Tile>
        {
            public TileShape Shape { get; set; }
            public sbyte X { get; set; }
            public sbyte Y { get; set; }

            public IEnumerable<Tile> Neighbours
            {
                get
                {
                    switch (Shape)
                    {
                        case TileShape.Anticlockwise:
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.SE };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.SW };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = (sbyte)(Y - 1), Shape = TileShape.NW };
                            yield return new Tile { X = (sbyte)(X - 1), Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.NE };
                            break;

                        case TileShape.Clockwise:
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.SE };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.NE };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = (sbyte)(Y + 1), Shape = TileShape.SW };
                            yield return new Tile { X = (sbyte)(X + 1), Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.NW };
                            break;

                        case TileShape.NE:
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.SW };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.Clockwise };
                            yield return new Tile { X = (sbyte)(X + 1), Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise };
                            break;

                        case TileShape.NW:
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.SE };
                            yield return new Tile { X = (sbyte)(X - 1), Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.Clockwise };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = (sbyte)(Y + 1), Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise };
                            break;

                        case TileShape.SE:
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.NW };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.Clockwise };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise };
                            break;

                        case TileShape.SW:
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.NE };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = (sbyte)(Y - 1), Shape = TileShape.Clockwise };
                            yield return new Tile { X = X, Y = Y, Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise };
                            break;

                        default:
                            throw new NotSupportedException();
                    }
                }
            }

            public Tile Flip()
            {
                // We'll flip vertically.
                switch (Shape)
                {
                    case TileShape.Anticlockwise:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.Clockwise, X = X, Y = (sbyte)-Y };
                    case TileShape.Clockwise:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise, X = (sbyte)(X + 1), Y = (sbyte)-Y };
                    case TileShape.NE: // G
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.SE, X = (sbyte)(X + 1), Y = (sbyte)-Y };
                    case TileShape.NW: // Cy
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.SW, X = X, Y = (sbyte)-Y };
                    case TileShape.SE: // W
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.NE, X = X, Y = (sbyte)-Y };
                    case TileShape.SW: // Y
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.NW, X = (sbyte)(X + 1), Y = (sbyte)-Y };
                    default:
                        throw new NotSupportedException();
                }
            }

            public Tile Rot()
            {
                // Anti-clockwise rotation: (x, y) = (-y, x)
                // But there will be offsets to account for the positions within the cell
                switch (Shape)
                {
                    case TileShape.Anticlockwise:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.Anticlockwise, X = (sbyte)-Y, Y = X };
                    case TileShape.Clockwise:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.Clockwise, X = (sbyte)(-Y - 1), Y = X };
                    case TileShape.NE:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.NW, X = (sbyte)-Y, Y = X };
                    case TileShape.NW:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.SW, X = (sbyte)(-Y - 1), Y = X };
                    case TileShape.SE:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.NE, X = (sbyte)(-Y - 1), Y = X };
                    case TileShape.SW:
                        return new Tile { Shape = TileShape.SE, X = (sbyte)-Y, Y = X };
                    default:
                        throw new NotSupportedException();
                }
            }

            public override int GetHashCode() => (X << 17) + (Y << 3) + (int)Shape;

            public bool Equals(Tile tile) => X == tile.X && Y == tile.Y && Shape == tile.Shape;

            public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is Tile tile && Equals(tile);

            public int CompareTo(Tile other)
            {
                if (X != other.X) return X.CompareTo(other.X);
                if (Y != other.Y) return Y.CompareTo(other.Y);
                return Shape.CompareTo(other.Shape);
            }

            public override string ToString() => $"({X},{Y},{Shape})";
        }

        enum TileShape : byte
        {
            Anticlockwise,
            Clockwise,
            NE,
            SW,
            NW,
            SE
        }

        class TileSet : IReadOnlyCollection<Tile>
        {
            public TileSet(IEnumerable<Tile> tiles)
            {
                // Canonicalise
                var ordered = _Canonicalise(new HashSet<Tile>(tiles));
                int h = 1;
                foreach (var tile in ordered) h = h * 37 + tile.GetHashCode();
                _HashCode = h;

                #if SUPERLIGHT

                // Since we normalise to have minimum X and Y of 0, we can use unsigned coordinates.
                // And since we're looking at connected graphs of on the order of 20 items, 6 bits per coordinate is plenty.
                _Items = ordered.Select(tile => (short)((tile.X << 9) + (tile.Y << 3) + (int)tile.Shape)).ToArray();

                #else

                _Items = new HashSet<Tile>(ordered);

                #endif
            }

            private IReadOnlyList<Tile> _Canonicalise(ISet<Tile> tiles)
            {
                int ac = tiles.Count(tile => tile.Shape == TileShape.Anticlockwise);
                int c = tiles.Count(tile => tile.Shape == TileShape.Clockwise);

                if (ac < c) return _CanonicaliseRot(tiles);
                if (ac > c) return _CanonicaliseRot(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Flip()));

                return _Min(_CanonicaliseRot(tiles), _CanonicaliseRot(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Flip())));
            }

            private IReadOnlyList<Tile> _Min(IReadOnlyList<Tile> tiles1, IReadOnlyList<Tile> tiles2)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < tiles1.Count; i++)
                {
                    int cmp = tiles1[i].CompareTo(tiles2[i]);
                    if (cmp < 0) return tiles1;
                    if (cmp > 0) return tiles2;
                }

                return tiles1;
            }

            private IReadOnlyList<Tile> _CanonicaliseRot(IEnumerable<Tile> tiles)
            {
                //   Rotation anticlockwise by 90 maps NE -> NW -> SW -> SE -> NE. We rotate to get one of these necklaces (in rank order, not exact values):
                //     Necklaces:
                //     SE NE NW SW
                //     0  0  0  0    ** Four positions to consider
                //     1  0  0  0
                //     1  0  1  0    ** Two positions to consider
                //     1  1  0  0
                //     1  1  1  0
                //     2  0  0  1
                //     2  0  1  0
                //     2  0  1  1
                //     2  1  0  0
                //     2  1  0  1
                //     2  1  1  0
                //     2  1  2  0
                //     2  2  0  1
                //     2  2  1  0
                //     3  0  1  2
                //     3  0  2  1
                //     3  1  0  2
                //     3  1  2  0
                //     3  2  0  1
                //     3  2  1  0

                int se = tiles.Count(tile => tile.Shape == TileShape.SE);
                int ne = tiles.Count(tile => tile.Shape == TileShape.NE);
                int nw = tiles.Count(tile => tile.Shape == TileShape.NW);
                int sw = tiles.Count(tile => tile.Shape == TileShape.SW);
                var sorted = new int[] { se, ne, nw, sw }.Distinct().OrderBy(x => x);
                var index = 1000 * sorted.IndexOf(se) + 100 * sorted.IndexOf(ne) + 10 * sorted.IndexOf(nw) + sorted.IndexOf(sw);
                switch (index)
                {
                    case 0:
                        // All four positions need to be considered
                        var best = _Translate(tiles);
                        best = _Min(best, _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot())));
                        best = _Min(best, _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot().Rot())));
                        best = _Min(best, _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot().Rot().Rot())));
                        return best;

                    case 101:
                        // Two options need to be considered;
                        return _Min(_Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot())), _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot().Rot().Rot())));

                    case 1010:
                        // Two options need to be considered;
                        return _Min(_Translate(tiles), _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot().Rot())));

                    case 1000:
                    case 1100:
                    case 1110:
                    case 2001:
                    case 2010:
                    case 2011:
                    case 2100:
                    case 2101:
                    case 2110:
                    case 2120:
                    case 2201:
                    case 2210:
                    case 3012:
                    case 3021:
                    case 3102:
                    case 3120:
                    case 3201:
                    case 3210:
                        // Already in the canonical rotation.
                        return _Translate(tiles);

                    case    1:
                    case 1001:
                    case 1101:
                    case   12:
                    case  102:
                    case  112:
                    case 1002:
                    case 1012:
                    case 1102:
                    case 1202:
                    case 2012:
                    case 2102:
                    case  123:
                    case  213:
                    case 1023:
                    case 1203:
                    case 2013:
                    case 2103:
                        // Needs one rotation.
                        return _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot()));

                    case   10:
                    case   11:
                    case 1011:
                    case  120:
                    case 1020:
                    case 1120:
                    case   21:
                    case  121:
                    case 1021:
                    case 2021:
                    case  122:
                    case 1022:
                    case 1230:
                    case 2130:
                    case  231:
                    case 2031:
                    case  132:
                    case 1032:
                        // Needs two rotations.
                        return _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot().Rot()));

                    case  100:
                    case  110:
                    case  111:
                    case 1200:
                    case  201:
                    case 1201:
                    case  210:
                    case 1210:
                    case  211:
                    case  212:
                    case 1220:
                    case  221:
                    case 2301:
                    case 1302:
                    case 2310:
                    case  312:
                    case 1320:
                    case  321:
                        // Needs three rotations.
                        return _Translate(tiles.Select(tile => tile.Rot().Rot().Rot()));

                    default:
                        throw new NotSupportedException("Case analysis failed");
                }
            }

            private IReadOnlyList<Tile> _Translate(IEnumerable<Tile> tiles)
            {
                int minX = tiles.Min(tile => tile.X);
                int minY = tiles.Min(tile => tile.Y);
                return tiles.
                    Select(tile => new Tile { Shape = tile.Shape, X = (sbyte)(tile.X - minX), Y = (sbyte)(tile.Y - minY) }).
                    OrderBy(tile => tile).
                    ToList();
            }

            #if SUPERLIGHT

            private readonly short[] _Items;

            public int Count => _Items.Length;

            public IEnumerator<Tile> GetEnumerator()
            {
                foreach (var encoded in _Items)
                {
                    yield return new Tile { X = (sbyte)((encoded >> 9) & 0x3f), Y = (sbyte)((encoded >> 3) & 0x3f), Shape = (TileShape)(encoded & 0x7) };
                }
            }

            #else

            private readonly ISet<Tile> _Items;

            public int Count => _Items.Count;

            public IEnumerator<Tile> GetEnumerator() => _Items.GetEnumerator();

            public bool Contains(Tile tile) => _Items.Contains(tile);

            #endif

            IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => GetEnumerator();

            private readonly int _HashCode;
            public override int GetHashCode() => _HashCode;

            public bool Equals(TileSet tileset) => tileset != null && tileset.Count == Count && tileset._HashCode == _HashCode && _Items.SequenceEqual(tileset._Items);

            public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is TileSet tileset && Equals(tileset);
        }
    }

    static class Extensions
    {
        internal static int IndexOf<T>(this IEnumerable<T> elts, T elt)
            where T : IEquatable<T>
        {
            int idx = 0;
            foreach (var item in elts)
            {
                if (item.Equals(elt)) return idx;
                idx++;
            }
            return -1;
        }
    }
}