stringを指定すると、ソースコードでの表示順序に従ってx文字がxソートされて出力されます。

例

Source: ThisIs A Test
 Input: Is it a Test?
Output: TissI   etta?

Source: Harry - yer a wizard.
 Input: I'm a what?
Output: aa  wh'?Imt

Source: Mr. H. Potter, The Floor, Hut-on-the-Rock, The Sea
 Input: 
Output:

ルール

• 標準的な抜け穴とI / Oルールが適用されます
• 入力と出力は、文字列、文字のリスト、またはバイトのリストのいずれかです。
• If a character is used multiple times in the source, use the first occurrence.
• If one or more characters does not appear in the source, they should be at the end; their order does not matter, nor does it have to be consistent.
• Source must be non-empty
• Newlines are treated the same as other characters.
• The order in which the code is executed doesn't matter; just the raw string.
• The input is in the same encoding as the code.
• The input is sorted by characters, not by bytes.
• Sorting is case sensitive
• This is code-golf, so shortest answer in bytes for each language wins!

let f = (s, i, o) => o.split("").map(x => [x, s.indexOf(x) == -1 ? s.length + 100 : s.indexOf(x)]).sort(([, a], [, b]) => a - b).map(([x]) => x).join("") === o && i.split("").sort().join("") === o.split("").sort().join("");let g = (s, i) => i.split("").map(x => [x, s.indexOf(x) == -1 ? s.length + 100 + Math.random() : s.indexOf(x)]).sort(([, a], [, b]) => a - b).map(([a]) => a).join("");$(() => $("button").click(() => $("#result").text(f($("#source").val(), $("#input").val(), $("#output").val()) ? "Valid" : `Invalid; example output: \`${g($("#source").val(), $("#input").val())}\``)));

body,label{display: flex;flex-direction: column;}*{white-space: pre;font-family: Inconsolata, Consolas, mono-space;font-size: 14px;}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script><label>Source: <textarea id="source">ThisIs A Test</textarea></label><label>Input: <textarea id="input">Is it a Test?</textarea></label><label>Output: <textarea id="output">TissI   etta?</textarea></label><div><button>Validate</button> <span id="result"></span></div>

Python 3.8 (pre-release), 102 100 96 85 79 76 68 61 59 60 bytes

c="print(sorted(x:=input(),key=('c=%r;'%c+x).find))";exec(c)

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-2 bytes by using this

-4 bytes by realizing that <0 == ==-1 and removing the unnecessary +1

-11 bytes thanks to Neil

-6 bytes thanks to dzaima

-3 bytes thanks to rod

-8 bytes thanks to negative seven pointing out that the program can output a list of chars

-7 bytes due to Embodiment of Ignorance switching back to Python 3.8 and using :=

-2 bytes due to Jo King switching out the variable name s for c, so we could leave out the ;c

+1 bytes because negative seven pointed out that it wasn't filtering ; correctly

APL (Dyalog Unicode), 14 bytes^SBCS

Anonymous tacit prefix function.

'''∘⍋⊃¨⊂'∘⍋⊃¨⊂

⊂ enclose argument (to act on it as a whole)

…⊃¨ from that, pick one character for each of the following indices:

∘⍋ the indices that would sort the argument in the the order given by the following string (all non-members go in order of appearance at the end):

'''∘⍋⊃¨⊂' the characters '∘⍋⊃¨⊂

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C# (Visual C# Interactive Compiler), 48 bytes

n=>n.OrderBy((@"n=>.OrdeBy(@""+)Ixf"+n).IndexOf)

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JavaScript (Node.js), 60 58 56 bytes

-2 bytes from Jo King

f=_=>_.sort((a,b)=>(p=g=>`f=${f+g}`.indexOf(g))(a)-p(b))

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Perl 6, 56 bytes

<slurp.comb.sort({"<$_>~EVAL$^a".index($a)}).say>~~.EVAL

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Ruby, 57 bytes

->s{s.sort_by{|o|%{->s{.ort_by|%}index()9}.index(o)||99}}

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Fairly straightforward, assuming I haven't missed a golfing trick. Take in a list of characters and sort by their index in a string consisting of all the uniq characters in the code in order of their appearance. Often their first appearance is in that very string, but that doesn't change the order.

05AB1E, 24 22 21 bytes

Σ"Σ"'"«"'«Rrk}"«Rrk}R

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Explanation:

Σ                    }               # Sort
 "Σ"                                 # Σ string literal
    '"                               # " string literal
       «                             # Concatenate last two literals
        "'«Rrk}"                     # '«Rrk} another literal
                «                    # Concat again
                 R                   # Reverse literal (so: }krR'«'"Σ)
                  r                  # reverse stack 
                   k                 # find the current sorting index in our code string 
                     R               # reverse our sorted string

First time trying stuff in 05AB1E so probably lots to be saved

Jelly, 16 14 bytes (Jelly Code page), 25 bytes (UTF8)

“Ṿv`Ṿ;³³i@Þ”v`

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A full program that takes a single argument, the string to be sorted.

Thanks to @JonathanAllan for pointing out a bug!

As per @EriktheOutgolfer, although the code can be input using the Jelly code page, the characters sorted are the equivalent UTF-8 ones rather than the bytes of the source. As such, I’ve included the score in UTF-8 bytes as well. Note the same probably applies to all languages with custom code pages.

Explanation

“Ṿv`Ṿ;³³i@Þ”   | The string "Ṿv`Ṿ;³³i@Þ", referred to below as S
            v` | Evaluate this string as Jelly code using the string itself as the argument

The string above evaluates as:

Ṿ          | Uneval the string S (effectively wraps it in “”)
 v`        | Eval it (effectively removes the “”)
   Ṿ       | Uneval it again, adding back in the “”
    ;³     | Concatenate the input to this
      ³i@Þ | Sort the input with respect to the first occurence of each character in the “”-wrapped string S concatenated to the input

Ṿv` is a no-op effectively here, but exists to ensure all characters are represented.

Jelly, 14 bytes

“;fɓḟṾⱮ”ṾɓfⱮ;ḟ

A full program accepting a (Python formatted) string (of Jelly code-page characters) which prints the output.
(as a monadic link it yields a list of lists of characters)

Try it online!

How?

“;fɓḟṾⱮ”ṾɓfⱮ;ḟ - Main Link: list of characters, S
“;fɓḟṾⱮ”       - list of characters = [';', 'f', 'ɓ', 'ḟ', 'Ṿ', 'Ɱ']
        Ṿ      - un-evaluate = ['“', ';', 'f', 'ɓ', 'ḟ', 'Ṿ', 'Ɱ', '”']
         ɓ     - start a new dyadic chain, F(S, T=that):
           Ɱ   - for each character, t, in T:
          f    -   (S) filter keep any of (the single character, t)
             ḟ - (S) filter discard any of (the characters in T)
            ;  - concatenate

Charcoal, 37 bytes

≔´≔´´´η´Ｆ´Φ´θ´⁼´ι´κ´¬´№ηＦηΦθ⁼ικΦθ¬№ηι

Try it online! Explanation:

≔´≔´´´η´Ｆ´Φ´θ´⁼´ι´κ´¬´№η

There are two ways of quoting characters in Charcoal; ´ quotes any single character while ”y...” quotes any character except ” and also counts as a separate string. It turns out that the overhead in having to deal with ” means that it doesn't end up any golfier.

ＦηΦθ⁼ικ

Loop over the characters in turn, outputting any matching characters from the input. This sorts the input.

Φθ¬№ηι

Output any unmatched characters in the input.

J, 14 bytes

Anonymous tacit prefix function.

]/:']/:''i'i:]

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] the argument

…i: last occurrence (non-members get the index beyond end of lookup string) of each character in:

']/:''i' the characters ]/:'i

…/: use that to sort:

] the argument

Java 10, 129 100 bytes

s->{s.sort(java.util.Comparator.comparing(c->("s->{.ort(javuilCmpcng\"\\+)dexOf;}"+c).indexOf(c)));}

-29 bytes by porting the +c from @EmbodimentOfIgnorance's C# answer.

Try it online.

Explanation:

s->{                 // Method with char-List parameter and no return-type
  s.sort(java.util.Comparator.comparing(c->
    ("s->{.ort(javuilCmpcng\"\\+)dexOf;}"
                     //  Push a String containing the characters in the code
     +c)             //  Append the current character
        .indexOf(c)  //  And get the first index of the current character in the String

NOTE: Usually it's cheaper to use s.sort((a,b)->Long.compare(a,b)) instead of s.sort(java.util.Comparator.comparing(c->c), but in this case it would be 11 bytes longer:

s->{var v="s->{var =\"\\;.ot(,)Lngcmpe+idxOf}";s.sort((a,r)->Long.compare((v+a).indexOf(a),(v+r).indexOf(r)));}

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05AB1E, 31 26 19 bytes

Σ'"'ÿs"Σ'ÿÿsìyk"ìyk

-7 bytes by taking inspiration of @EmbodimentOfIgnorance's approach in his C# answer of appending the current character before indexing.

Try it online or try it with added debug-line to see the strings that's being indexed into.

Explanation:

Σ                 # Sort the (implicit) input-string by:
 '"              '#  Push string '"'
   'ÿ            '#  Push string "ÿ"
     s            #  Swap the order of these two strings on the stack
      "Σ'ÿÿsìyk"  #  Push string "Σ'ÿÿsìyk", where the `ÿ` are automatically filled with
                  #  the previous strings we created: `Σ'"ÿsìyk`
                  #  (top to bottom from stack; left to right in string)
       ì          #  Prepend this string in front of the character we're sorting
        yk        #  And then get the index of the character we're sorting in this string
                  # (after the sorting the resulting string is output implicitly)

PowerShell, 68 bytes

$p=$args
&($t={$p|sort-object{"`$p=`$args
&(`$t={$t})$_"|% i*f $_}})

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Python 2, 62 bytes

lambda a:sorted(a,key=('lambd :sorted(,ky=\'\\+).fin'+a).find)

Same concept as my C# answer.

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Japt, 18 bytes

ñÈi"ñÈi\"\\ bX" bX

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ñÈi"ñÈi\"\\ bX" bX     :Implicit input of string or character array
ñ                      :Sort by
 È                     :Passing each X through the following function
  i                    :  Prepend X with
   "ñÈi\"\\ bX"        :    Literal string (The \s are annoying me!)
                bX     :  First index of X

Jelly, 26 bytes (UTF-8*)

“®³nÞṾ©V”Ṿ©VV

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Takes input as a Python-formatted string in the 1st command-line argument.

Unique characters:

“®³nÞṾ©V”

*Note: I discovered that this doesn't work when encoded in JELLY, since it sorts the UTF-8 characters instead of its own bytes.